1 Introduction
 
　　The intention of this study is to eXPlore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.
 
　　Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science.
From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy¹ for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).
 
　　DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic² realization³ and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.
 
　　My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar⁴ characteristic of observation, description and eXPlanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective⁵ function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming⁶ and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.
 
　　The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena⁷ are noted⁸ down. With accumulated data, some underlying⁹ truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied¹⁰ translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.
 
　　A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and eXPlanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

　　The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions¹¹. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks¹² are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.
 
In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and eXPlanation will done in light of DTS.
 
　　2 Outline
　　2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS
　　In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.
 
 
 
2.2 Methodolgy
 
　　I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.
 
2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories
　　A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria¹³. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.
 
2.4 Case study
 
　　In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation¹⁴ in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random¹⁵.
 
2.5 Conclusion
 
　　Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.
 
　　(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)
 
　　It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”