俄前总统鲍里斯·叶利钦于莫斯科时间23日15时因心脏病在莫斯科中央临床医院去世，享年76岁。叶利钦曾是世界政坛上的重量级人物，同时也极具争议。他是苏联解体过程中最为关键的人物；他也是在与议会权力斗争中，不惜武力攻打议会大厦的“铁腕强人”；他同时也是难扭危局，最终交权普京提前辞职的“弱狮总统”。俄罗斯媒体对他的评价是：他打破了一个旧时代，但却无法开创一个新时代。

Former Russian president Boris Yeltsin, who buried the Soviet¹ Union then led Russia through its chaotic² first years of independence, died yesterday aged³ 76, the Kremlin said.

"Today, at 15:45 (1145 GMT) Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin died in the Central Clinical Hospital as a result of a deteriorating⁴cardio-vascularproblem," said a Kremlin spokeswoman.

Mikhail Gorbachev, the last Soviet president, whom Yeltsin effectively forced from office, paid tribute to his achievements, and noted⁵ his shortcomings. "I express the very deepest condolences to the family of the deceased, on whose shoulders rest major events for the good of the country, and serious mistakes," Gorbachev said.

Yeltsin had for years been dogged by heart problems that required multipleheart bypass surgerywhile he was still in office. His deteriorating health ultimately forced him to anoint Vladimir Putin as his successor and step aside seven years ago.

Yeltsin ruled Russia from 1991 to the last day of 1999, when he handed over power to Putin. He was the first Russian leader to step down voluntarily.

Born into a poor peasant family in an industrial region in the Ural mountains, Yeltsin lived with his family in one room of a wooden hut.

He studied civil engineering and rose to become a successful construction manager before switching to work for the local Communist party.

Gorbachev, looking for thrusting managers to re-invigorate Soviet rule, summoned him to Moscow to become the capital's party chief. He was sacked for his maverick⁶ style but in 1989 he was elected to the new Soviet Congress of People's Deputies and in June 1991 he was elected president of Russia - still within the Soviet Union - in a landslide⁷.

Two months later, he faced down tanks in the Moscow streets, and six months after that, he signed a treaty with the leaders of Ukraine and Belarus disintegrating⁸ the Soviet Union altogether. Yeltsin, triumphant⁹, became president of a sovereign Russia.

World leaders responded quickly yesterday to Yeltsin's death, calling him a personal friend and praising him as a courageous¹⁰ fighter during the Soviet Union's dramatic change that marked the end of the Cold War.

The European Union and the NATO alliance hailed Yeltsin as a healer of the Cold War divide.

Vocabulary:    

cardio-vascular problem：心血管疾病

heart bypass surgery：心脏搭桥手术