Prosecutors² at the genocide and war crimes trial of ex-Bosnian Serb leader Radovan Karadzic have branded him the leader of an ethnic³ cleansing⁴ campaign.

对前波斯尼亚塞族领导Radovan Karadzic进行种族屠杀和战争罪审讯的公诉人认定他为种族灭绝运动的领袖人物。

The court ruled the trial in The Hague could resume despite Mr Karadzic boycotting⁵（抵制，拒绝参加） it for a second day.

In opening remarks, prosecutors said Mr Karadzic had "harnessed the forces of nationalism, hatred⁶ and fear" to pursue his vision of a state without Muslims.

Mr Karadzic denies all charges, which relate to the Bosnian war of the 1990s.

The former Bosnian Serb leader, who is representing himself at the trial, says he still needs at least nine months to prepare his defence.

Separately, former Bosnian Serb President Biljana Plavsic - convicted of war crimes - has been released.

Plavsic was the highest ranking official from the former Yugoslavia（南斯拉夫） to have pleaded guilty for her part in the Bosnian War. She was sentenced in 2003 to 11 years in a Swedish jail.

But a Swedish court has allowed her early release for good behaviour.

'Hatred and fear'

At The Hague, Mr Karadzic, 64, faces two charges of genocide and nine more of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

The former president of Republika Srpska, head of the Serbian Democratic Party (SDS) and commander of the Bosnian Serb Army has refused to enter pleas, but has said he will co-operate with the court to prove his innocence⁷.

In opening remarks at his trial, the prosecution⁸ labelled（贴上标签） him the "undisputed leader" of Serbs responsible for carrying out atrocities⁹（暴行） during the 1992-1995 conflict.

"This case is about that supreme¹⁰ commander, a man who harnessed the forces of nationalism, hatred and fear to implement¹¹ his vision of an ethnically¹² separated Bosnia: Radovan Karadzic," prosecutor¹ Alain Tieger said.

Mr Karadzic had "ethnically cleansed¹³ vast portions of Bosnia and Hercegovina" during the war, Mr Tieger said, describing him as a "hands-on leader who maintained direct contact".

"In the course of conquering the territory that he claimed for the Serbs, his forces killed thousands of Bosnian Muslims and Croats, imprisoned¹⁴ thousands more in squalid and brutal¹⁵ camps and detention¹⁶ facilities, and forced hundreds of thousands away from their homes," the prosecutor said.

Mr Tieger said that as well as witness testimony¹⁷, some of the evidence against Mr Karadzic would come from intercepts¹⁸（截取，妨碍） of his own phone calls and transcripts¹⁹ of his speeches.

He quoted Mr Karadzic as saying before the war that Serb forces would turn the Bosnian capital, Sarajevo, into "a black cauldron（大锅）, where 300,000 Muslims will die".

Mr Tieger said witnesses who survived the long siege of Sarajevo would describe living "in constant fear, day after day, for years, knowing that they or their loved ones were targets".