水仙花与稳定的结构设计
文章来源:未知 文章作者:enread 发布时间:2016-05-11 08:28 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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In 1940, the Tacoma Narrows Bridge collapsed1 in dramatic fashion, twisting in the wind before it snapped and plunged2 into the water below. As wind blew across the span, the flow induced oscillating sideways forces that helped bring down the bridge -- just months after opening. This type of side-force oscillation can also damage antennae3, towers and other structures. Now, researchers from Seoul National University and Ajou University in South Korea have found that a structure with a twisted, helical shape and an elliptical cross section -- inspired by the stem of a daffodil -- can reduce drag and eliminate side-force fluctuations4
 
The researchers describe their findings this week in Physics of Fluids, from AIP Publishing. 
 
Side forces come into play whenever wind flows across an elongated5 object -- like when you stick your arm out the side of a moving car. As the air flows around your arm, it forms vortices that come off the top and bottom of your arm in an alternating fashion. This vortex shedding, as it's called, imparts periodic forces on your arm. 
 
"You will immediately feel that your arm will be forced to move up and down," explains Haecheon Choi of Seoul National University. 
 
This phenomenon, called von Kármán vortex shedding, affects any elongated structure caught in wind or water currents such as lampposts, high rises and the long vertical6 pipes used for drilling oil at sea.
 
In the case of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge, the frequency of these periodic forces happened to hit its resonant7 frequency. 
 
"This vortex shedding triggered the twisting mode of the bridge," Choi said, "and finally the bridge collapsed." 
 
To find a way to reduce these forces, the researchers looked to nature for inspiration. Specifically, they studied the shape of a daffodil stem, whose twisting, lemon-shaped cross-section enables it to turn away from wind and protect its petals8.
 
The researchers used computer simulations to explore the fluid dynamics9 around the daffodil stem's shape: a helically twisted, elliptical cylinder10. They tested different variations -- some with more elliptical cross-sections or with more twists, for example -- in smooth, laminar airflow or a more turbulent wind. 
 
In both cases, the daffodil shape made a big difference. 
 
"Some helically twisted cylinders11 annihilated12 the vortex shedding, resulting in drag reduction and zero side-force fluctuations," Choi said. Compared to a round cylinder, the daffodil shape reduced drag by 18 and 23 percent, respectively, for laminar and turbulent flows.


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1 collapsed cwWzSG     
adj.倒塌的
参考例句:
  • Jack collapsed in agony on the floor. 杰克十分痛苦地瘫倒在地板上。
  • The roof collapsed under the weight of snow. 房顶在雪的重压下突然坍塌下来。
2 plunged 06a599a54b33c9d941718dccc7739582     
v.颠簸( plunge的过去式和过去分词 );暴跌;骤降;突降
参考例句:
  • The train derailed and plunged into the river. 火车脱轨栽进了河里。
  • She lost her balance and plunged 100 feet to her death. 她没有站稳,从100英尺的高处跌下摔死了。
3 antennae lMdyk     
n.天线;触角
参考例句:
  • Sometimes a creature uses a pair of antennae to swim.有时某些动物使用其一对触须来游泳。
  • Cuba's government said that Cubans found watching American television on clandestine antennae would face three years in jail.古巴政府说那些用秘密天线收看美国电视的古巴人将面临三年监禁。
4 fluctuations 5ffd9bfff797526ec241b97cfb872d61     
波动,涨落,起伏( fluctuation的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table. 他用统计表显示价格的波动。
  • There were so many unpredictable fluctuations on the Stock Exchange. 股票市场瞬息万变。
5 elongated 6a3aeff7c3bf903f4176b42850937718     
v.延长,加长( elongate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • Modigliani's women have strangely elongated faces. 莫迪里阿尼画中的妇女都长着奇长无比的脸。
  • A piece of rubber can be elongated by streching. 一块橡皮可以拉长。 来自《用法词典》
6 vertical ZiywU     
adj.垂直的,顶点的,纵向的;n.垂直物,垂直的位置
参考例句:
  • The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
  • Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。
7 resonant TBCzC     
adj.(声音)洪亮的,共鸣的
参考例句:
  • She has a resonant voice.她的嗓子真亮。
  • He responded with a resonant laugh.他报以洪亮的笑声。
8 petals f346ae24f5b5778ae3e2317a33cd8d9b     
n.花瓣( petal的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • white petals tinged with blue 略带蓝色的白花瓣
  • The petals of many flowers expand in the sunshine. 许多花瓣在阳光下开放。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
9 dynamics NuSzQq     
n.力学,动力学,动力,原动力;动态
参考例句:
  • In order to succeed,you must master complicated knowledge of dynamics.要取得胜利,你必须掌握很复杂的动力学知识。
  • Dynamics is a discipline that cannot be mastered without extensive practice.动力学是一门不做大量习题就不能掌握的学科。
10 cylinder rngza     
n.圆筒,柱(面),汽缸
参考例句:
  • What's the volume of this cylinder?这个圆筒的体积有多少?
  • The cylinder is getting too much gas and not enough air.汽缸里汽油太多而空气不足。
11 cylinders fd0c4aab3548ce77958c1502f0bc9692     
n.圆筒( cylinder的名词复数 );圆柱;汽缸;(尤指用作容器的)圆筒状物
参考例句:
  • They are working on all cylinders to get the job finished. 他们正在竭尽全力争取把这工作干完。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • That jeep has four cylinders. 那辆吉普车有4个汽缸。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 annihilated b75d9b14a67fe1d776c0039490aade89     
v.(彻底)消灭( annihilate的过去式和过去分词 );使无效;废止;彻底击溃
参考例句:
  • Our soldiers annihilated a force of three hundred enemy troops. 我军战士消灭了300名敌军。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • We annihilated the enemy. 我们歼灭了敌人。 来自《简明英汉词典》
TAG标签: bridge arm structure
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