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5. 动词 ?(1) 动词的时态: ?① 一般现在时 ?一般现在时的主要用法有两点:其一表示一经常发生的动作,如: I always go to scho ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理,事实,如: The earth1 moves around the sun. ?② 现在完成时 ?现在完成时的主要用法有两点:其一表示某一动作发生于过去,并持续下来,到现在完成 。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某动作发生于过去并已结束,但其影响到现在。如: I haven’t had2 my lunch. I’m hungry now. ?与现在完成时连用的词语有:yet, already4, before, since5, ever6, never等。 ?其考查要点: ?其一: Have been表示曾经去过,如:I have been to America twice7. 说此话的人应 已经回到国内。而He has gone to Japan.则此人目前已到日本去了。 ?其二: 截止性动词可以有现在完成时,但不可与表示一段长度的词连用,如: The clas s has begun. The class has been on for five minutes. ?③ 一般过去时 ?表示过去发生的动作,过去的习惯或反复发生的动作。如: Who broke8 the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 与过去时连用的时间状语有: at that time, ago, in 1949, just now (刚才), last night, yesterday ?④ 一般将来时 ?纯将来时的表示法: shall/will+动词原形 ?例: I’ll leave for Shanghai this evening. ?表示按计划要做或可能做的事: be going9 to+动词原形 ?例: I’m going to help you tonight. ?将来时的特殊表示法 ?a. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving ?例: Don’t worry. I’m coming. ?b. be about to+动词原形 ?例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings. ?c. 状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来 ?例: If it rains tomorrow I won’t go to the party. ?(2) 情态动词: ?can: 能,会 ?例: He can do it very well. ?may: 许可,可能性 ?例: May I use your pen? ?must: 必要,禁止(多表示主观看法) ?例: You mustn’t play with fire. ?have to: 不得不(多表示客观之事) ?例: I have to go, because I have a meeting10. ?could与would:二者用于现在时表示语气的委婉 ?例: Could11 you help me? 点击收听单词发音
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