初中英语语法知识考查要点(3)
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
5. 动词
?(1) 动词的时态:
?① 一般现在时
?一般现在时的主要用法有两点:其一表示一经常发生的动作,如: I always go to scho
ol at seven. 其二表示某一真理,事实,如: The earth1 moves around the sun.
?② 现在完成时
?现在完成时的主要用法有两点:其一表示某一动作发生于过去,并持续下来,到现在完成
。如: I have studied English for two years. 其二表示某动作发生于过去并已结束,但其影响到现在。如: I haven’t had2 my lunch. I’m hungry now.
?与现在完成时连用的词语有:yet, already4, before, since5, ever6, never等。
?其考查要点:
?其一: Have been表示曾经去过,如:I have been to America twice7. 说此话的人应
已经回到国内。而He has gone to Japan.则此人目前已到日本去了。
?其二: 截止性动词可以有现在完成时,但不可与表示一段长度的词连用,如: The clas
s has begun. The class has been on for five minutes.
?③ 一般过去时
?表示过去发生的动作,过去的习惯或反复发生的动作。如: Who broke8 the window? In those days, I studied hard at night every day. 与过去时连用的时间状语有: at that time, ago, in 1949, just now (刚才), last night, yesterday
?④ 一般将来时
?纯将来时的表示法: shall/will+动词原形
?例: I’ll leave for Shanghai this evening.
?表示按计划要做或可能做的事: be going9 to+动词原形
?例: I’m going to help you tonight.
?将来时的特殊表示法
?a. be+coming/leaving/going/starting/arriving
?例: Don’t worry. I’m coming.
?b. be about to+动词原形
?例: He is about to leave, when the telephone rings.
?c. 状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来
?例: If it rains tomorrow I won’t go to the party.
?(2) 情态动词:
?can: 能,会
?例: He can do it very well.
?may: 许可,可能性
?例: May I use your pen?
?must: 必要,禁止(多表示主观看法)
?例: You mustn’t play with fire.
?have to: 不得不(多表示客观之事)
?例: I have to go, because I have a meeting10.
?could与would:二者用于现在时表示语气的委婉
?例: Could11 you help me?


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1 earth ar7xL     
n.陆地;大地;地球
参考例句:
  • The earth moves round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
  • Spring returns to the earth.大地回春。
2 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
3 yet TVOzu     
adv.还,仍然,即刻;conj.尽管,然而
参考例句:
  • I am not ready yet.我还没有准备好。
  • Beautiful as she is,she didn't find a boyfriend yet.尽管她很漂亮,但还没找到男朋友呢。
4 already wLByk     
adv.已经
参考例句:
  • We have eaten already.我们已经吃过了。
  • I've been there already,so I don't want to go again.我早已去过那里了,所以我不想再去了。
5 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
6 ever ZijzR     
adv.曾经;永远;不断地;在任何时候;究竟
参考例句:
  • Have you ever been to hangzhou?你曾经去过杭州吗?
  • I will be young and strong and beautiful for ever.我将永远年轻、强壮,永远漂亮。
7 twice ClIwt     
adv.两次;两倍
参考例句:
  • Bob phoned twice today.鲍勃今天打了两次电话。
  • I woke up twice in the night.我夜里醒过两次。
8 broke gSUyi     
v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破
参考例句:
  • He dropped his glass on the floor and broke it.他把玻璃杯掉到地板上打碎了。
  • After a long silence, she broke into a laugh.她沉默了很久之后,忽然笑了起来。
9 going dsHzY9     
n.去,离去,地面(或道路)的状况,工作情况;(复数形式)goings: 行为;adj.进行中的,流行的,现存的
参考例句:
  • We're going to listen to a report this afternoon. 今天下午我们要去听报告。
  • He hates leaving the office and going on holiday.他不愿离开办公室去度假。
10 meeting MowzDB     
n.会议;集会
参考例句:
  • Will you be at the meeting?你会来开会吗?
  • We would like to hold the meeting at an early date.我们希望早日举行这次会议。
11 could lzvxe     
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
参考例句:
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
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