一般现在时和现在进行时的区别
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-04-02 06:37 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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一般现在时与现在进行时使用频繁,应理解如下两点。


  一、准确理解两种时态的主要含义:


  A、一般现在时

  1、表示事物的本质特性或客观存在,没有时限性。
  The table ____ soft。 (feels ) 表特性特征。
  Japan ___ to the east of China。  (lies ) 表客观事实

  2、现阶段经常性、习惯性的行为,可带频率时间。
  The shop closes at 7:30 p.m.
  Father doesn’t smoke. (习惯 )

  3、表说话时的状态,感觉或结果,一般用状态动词,如It doesn’t matter.
  Does it hurt? (感觉结果)

  4、特殊用法: 

  -在条件、时间、让步从句中用现在时代替将来。
  -If you go there, I’ll help you.

  —用在begin ,come ,go ,leave ,return ,open ,close 等短暂位移动词表规定计划。
  The plane takes off at 11:30. (不受主观支配的计划)

  -在剧本、解说、标题或there (here)开头的句中表进行
  There goes the bell/Here comes Mr.Wang.
  I declare the meeting opens.(正在宣布)
  He meets the ball and hits back to No.2 (正在发生)


  B.现在进行时

  1.说话时正在发生,进行的动作
  Look! Dark clouds are gathering1 . (正在发生)

  2.表现阶段正在进行,但此刻不一定正在进行的事。
  He usually gets up at 6:00 , but this week he is getting up at 7:00. (现阶段正在进行,但说话时不一定在起床)

  3、现在进行时的特殊意义

  -表示主观打算常用于 go , come , leave , start , begin 等,位移、趋向动词。
  How long are you staying here ? (准备停留)

  -表示眼前刚过去的语意即“话音刚落”,适用于tell , say , talk , discuss ….
  You don’t believe it ? You know I’m telling the truth.

  -表示安慰、关心、喜欢、讨厌……感情色彩。
  He is always making noises in class. (讨厌)

  -在条件、时间、让步状语从句中表示将来正在进行。
  Don’t bother him if he is reading this time tomorrow.


  二、严格区分进行时与一般时的语义。

  a) 持续动词的一般时表持续情况,经常性,习惯性行为或客观存在的事实,进行时表暂时性或有限时刻的持续。
  He lives in Beijing.(生活在北京-习惯性)
  He is living in Beijing.(目前住在北京暂时性)

  b) 短暂动词的一般时叙述事实,特征,能力而短暂动作进行时描述反复发生,即将发生或刚开始行为。
  He jumps high. (特征)
  He is jumping very high. (反复)

  c) 短暂动词和静态动词一般时表示实际情况客观状态、结果、特征、特性,进行时表未完成含开始或渐进之意。
  The bus stops. (车停了-事实)
  The bus is stopping. (渐渐停下来)
  I love the job. (静态事实)
  I am loving the job. ( 渐渐爱上了)

  d) come ,go ,leave ,start ,return ,move ,reach ,sail ,fall 等一般时态表客观规定计划,进行时表主观打算推测。
  Flight 254 leaves at 5:30. (表主观打算)
  The plane is taking off an hour later.(主观判断)

  e) 现在进行时带always ,often ,usually ,sometimes ,等频率副词表感情色彩,一般现在时则没有此用法。


  [示例]

  考题1  I don’t really work here! I ­­­­___ until the new secretary arrives.(94)
  A. just help out B. Have just helped out C.am just helping2 out D. Will just help out
  分析  依题意“我不能在此工作”,说明help out这一行为只是眼前暂时发生的事,选C。

  考题2  It seldom ___ her but it ____ heavily.
  A. snows/snows B.snows /snowing C. Is snowing /I ssnowing D. Is snowing /snows
  分析 seldom 表频率叙述经常性事实用一般现在时,but 转折描述眼前暂时情况,用现在进行时,故选B。


  [训练]

  1. Water ____ at 100c and at this time the glass filled with it _____.
  A.boiled/breaks B. Boils/will break 
  C. is boiling /is to break D. will boil/breaks

  2. What is wrong with the cat? It ___work whose engine ___any how.
  A. won’t /won’t start B. Doesn’t /won’t start
  C. doesn’t /won’t be started D. won’t / is starting

  3.---Does Tom live here? 
   --- Yes , but he ___ here now.
  A. doesn’t live B. Hadn’t lived C. Isn’t living D. will live

  4.____ hard ? Why don’t they stop working?
  A. isn’t it raining B. Hasn’t it rained 
  C. Won’t it rain D. wasn’t it raining

  5.---I ___ the failure was your fault.
   ---Yes, I see ,you only want to learn the details.
  A. didn’t think B. Was not explaining 
  C. Am not suggesting D. haven’t expected

  6.Don’t speak loud., father_____.
  A. will sleep B. Is sleeping C. Has slept D. sleeps

 



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1 gathering ChmxZ     
n.集会,聚会,聚集
参考例句:
  • He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
  • He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。
2 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
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