初中英语语法:句子的种类
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

1.应特别注意掌握的简单句
  1) 有介词的特殊疑问句
  在特殊问句中,作为介词宾语的疑问代词可以与介词分离,放在句首,而把介词放在句尾。如:
  Whom1 do you travel2 with?
  当然,也可以把介词放在句首。总之,不要把介词丢掉。 

  2) 有插入语的特殊疑问句
  在特殊问句中,经常可以看到这样的句子:
  Where do you think they may go?
  其中,do you think 是疑问式插入语,其余部分是think的宾语从句。注意,疑问式插入语同句子的其余部分不用逗号分开。疑问式插入语还有do you hope3, do you guess 等。
  在肯定句中也有插入语。如:
  That man, I guess, is neither4 a policeman nor5 a soldier6.
  在肯定句的插入语要用逗号与句子的其他部分分开。去掉插入语,该句子仍然是个完整的句子。

  2.并列句
  并列句的考查重点是并列连词。并列连词有and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also…等。 

  3.复合句
  复合句考查的主要内容是宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。 

  ① 宾语从句 
  宾语从句的考查要点是:时态的呼应、人称的一致、词序等。 

  A.宾语从句的连接词:
  宾语从句本身是叙述句是,用that 引导。
  He said7 (that) he would8 leave on March 12 next weeek.
  宾语从句本身是特殊疑问句时,用疑问词引导。
  Do you know where we can find our teacher?
  宾语从句本身是一般疑问句时,用if 或whether引导。
  I don’t know if / whether9 he has done that. 

  B. 宾语从句与主句时态的呼应。
  主句谓语是现在时和将来时的时候,宾语从句的动词时态不受影响。如,It is said that the panda was11 sent to America last month.
  主句是过去时态,从句谓语要做适当调整:
  a) 由现在时调整为过去时。
  I didn’t know you were also here.
  b) 由将来时调整为过去将来时
  He said that he would go to Beijing the next week.
  c) 过去时态多数不受影响,但“一般过去时”常调整为“过去完成时”,尤其是从句中有before, since13 一类的时间状语时,多调整为“过去完成时”如:
  She said she had14 worked at this school before her father came15 to this city. 

  ② 状语从句。
  状语从句有时间状语从句(常由when, while16, before, after, until17, as10 soon as等词引导)、地点状语从句(常有where 引导)、原因状语从句(常有because, since, as 引导,这三词所表达的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题必须用because 来回答), 条件状语从句(常由if引导)、结果状语从句(常由such … that…, so…that…, so that等引导 )、让步状语从句(常由though, although引导)。

  ③定语从句
  其考查内容主要是正确使用关系代词{who(指人)、that(指人或物)、which(指物)} , etc. 定语从句一般紧跟在修饰词的后面,如:
  She is the person20 who I want to see. 她就是我想见到的人。
  有时,为了使句子平衡,也可把定语从句与所修饰词分开。同学们还记得这样一句话吗?Then a screen21 came up that read, “Congratulations!” 这是第三册第54课中的一个句子。 


  下面我们来看一些例子:
  1. Do you know ___ ten years ago?
  A. where does he live B. where he lives 
  C. where did12 he live  D. where he lived 
  答案:D 

  2. He didn’t go home ___ he finished22 the work.
  A. since B. if C. because D. until
  答案:D 

  3. I was reading23 the newspaper ___ I heard a loud shout outside.
  A. while B. when C. though18 D. as
  答案:B 

  4. I don’t know the man ___ is cleaning the door.
  A. that B. where C. what D. who
  答案:D 

  5. I didn’t remember ___ the woman before.
  A. where I had seen24 B. where I have seen 
  C. where had I seen D. where have I seen
  答案:A 

  6. It was raining heavily25 ___ we got26 to Paris.
  A. while B. if C. when D. because
  答案:C 

  7. The plane hasn’t arrived. Can you tell me ___?
  A. what time is the plane late B. why is the plane late
  C. why the plane is late    D. what time the plane is late
  答案:C 

  8. I don’t know if ___tomorrow?
  A. it doesn’t rain     B. the rain will stops 
  C. the rains won’t stop  D. it won’t rain
  答案:D

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 whom CghwM     
pron.谁(who的宾格)
参考例句:
  • That is the man whom I met in Beijing last year.他就是我去年在北京碰见的那个人。
  • He married a wife by whom he had two daughters.他娶了妻子并跟她生了两个女儿。
2 travel omLwp     
n.旅行,游历,进行;vi.旅行,行进,移动,被传播;vt.旅行,通行于,使移动
参考例句:
  • We can now travel by air.现在我们可以坐飞机旅行。
  • Autumn is the best season for travel.秋天是旅行的最好季节。
3 hope Kcwx9     
vt.希望,期望;vi.希望,期待;n.希望,期望
参考例句:
  • We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
  • Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。
4 neither nRTzG     
adj.皆不,两不;int.两者都不;conj.既非,既不
参考例句:
  • I don't know that neither.那个我也不知道。
  • He doesn't smoke neither does he drink.他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
5 nor 0Hixj     
conj./adv.也不,也没有
参考例句:
  • It is neither hot nor cold in winter here.这里冬天既不热也不冷。
  • She can't get there at four,nor can I.她不能在四点钟到那里,我也不能。
6 soldier XTMzH     
n.士兵,战士
参考例句:
  • He is a good soldier.他是个好战士。
  • He is a brave soldier.他是一个勇敢的士兵。
7 said IYtxh     
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
参考例句:
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
8 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
9 whether wUOzY     
conj.是否…,是不是…;是否…,是不是…
参考例句:
  • I cannot say whether it was Saturday or Sunday.我无法肯定那天是星期六还是星期天。
  • I don't care whether it rains,I am happy.我才不在乎下不下雨呢,我快活着呢。
10 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
11 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
12 did SvwxP     
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句:
  • How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球?
  • Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢?
13 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
14 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
15 came xTYyl     
v.动词come的过去式
参考例句:
  • I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里,我很惊奇。
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
16 while IeZz7W     
conj.当…的时候;而;虽然;尽管 n.一会儿
参考例句:
  • In a short while,the cat ate up the fish.不久,那只猫便将鱼吃个精光。
  • He teaches English in the school all the while.他一直在这所学校里教英语。
17 until cjnw3     
prep.直到...为止;conj.直到...时才...
参考例句:
  • He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
  • She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
18 though lIRzS     
conj.虽然,尽管;即使;可是,不过,然而;adv.可是,不过,然而
参考例句:
  • It's quite pleasant today,though the wind is rather cool.尽管风有点凉,今天天气还是很不错的。
  • I will have a try even though I should fail.哪怕失败,我也要试一下。
19 although 2Liyg     
conj(=though)虽然,即使,纵然,尽管
参考例句:
  • Although my car is very old,It'still runs very well.我的汽车虽然很旧,但仍然跑得很快。
  • Although he worked hard,he failed in the exam.虽然他很努力,但他考试没有及格。
20 person QMBxI     
n.人
参考例句:
  • I would never trust in that kind of person.我绝不会相信那种人。
  • She is the very person I wanted to see.她正是我要见的人。
21 screen vZsx5     
n.屏,幕,银幕;屏风;v.选拔;掩蔽,遮蔽
参考例句:
  • You can see him on the TV screen quite often.你可以经常从电视屏幕上见到他。
  • She first appeared on the screen ten years ago.十年前,她第一次出现在银幕上。
22 finished otFzWn     
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
23 reading YiGyU     
n.阅读,知识,读物,表演,对法律条文的解释;adj.阅读的
参考例句:
  • Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
24 seen ujyzZX     
vbl.(see的过去分词)看见
参考例句:
  • Since I left college, I have not seen him.自从我离开大学以后,就没有见过他了。
  • I hope to have seen the film next week.我希望下星期能看到这部电影。
25 heavily 0dbxn     
adv.猛烈地;大量地;厉害地
参考例句:
  • They fined him heavily.他们重罚了他。
  • It snowed heavily last night.昨夜的雪下得很大。
26 got wfuxi     
v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白
参考例句:
  • I just got some bad news.我刚得到一些坏消息。
  • I have got far too much work to do.我要做的事太多了。
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