初中英语语法:各类构词法一览
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-04-03 00:42 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

前缀        例词    派生词
un- “不”     happy   unhappy
         like     unlike
         usual    unusual
         friendly   unfriendly 

im-“不”     possible  impossible

后缀        例词    派生词
-er“人”       teach   teacher 
         play      player
         clean   cleaner
         drive    driver(以e结尾,-r)
         run     runner(重读闭音节,双写-er)
         win     winner
         travel    traveller
-or“人”       invent    inventor
         visit     visitor

-ly(副词后缀)   bad     badly 
         quick    quickly
         careful   carefully 
         happy   happily
         deep    deeply 
         lucky     luckily
         usual       usually 
         noisy    noisily
         slow    slowly 
         angry    angrily
         strong   strongly 
         quiet    quietly
      特例:true     truly 
         terrible   terribly 
         possible possibly

-ful(形容词后缀) care    careful 
         help    helpful
         use     useful 
         forget     forgetful

-y (形容词后缀)    rain     rainy 
         luck     lucky
         cloud    cloudy 
         noise    noisy(以e结尾,去e,加-y)
         snow    snowy 
         sun     sunny (双写,加-y)
         wind     windy

-ion(名词后缀)     invent    invention 
         operate   operation

-ness(名词后缀) busy    business 
         good    goodness

一些特例:
动词---形容词   
sleep   asleep
die    dead 
enjoy   enjoyable

动词---现在分词转化为名词
boat    boating
build   building 
begin     beginning 
cross    crossing 
meet    meeting 
turn    turning 

名词---形容词 
friend   friendly
south   southern
wool    woolen
danger   dangerous
difference different 
fry    fried
worry    worried 

动词---过去分词转为形容词 
break   broken 
lose   lost 
please   pleased
colour   coloured

动词---名词
know   knowledge
fly     flight 
please  pleasure 

名词---名词 
farm   farmer 农夫

动词---现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 
follow   following
interest   interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语,仅用于be interested in 
     interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语
develop   developed “发达的”
     developing “发展中的”

 


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