备战2007年中考英语·十大词类复习全攻略二
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

  三、形容词(adj.) 表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用

  四、副词(adv.) 表示动作特征或性状,主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子

  (一)形容词的用法及位置

  1.形容词在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等,作定语时一般放在名词前。

  Eg. She has short hair.(作定语)

  Paul is tall.(作表语)

  We must keep our room clean.(作宾补)

  2.形容词修饰不定代词时放在其后。

  eg.She has something important2 to tell us./

  There’s nothing wrong in the sentence3.

  (二)副词的种类、用法及位置

  1.副词的种类

  (1)时间副词

  ①表示大体时间:now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,so far

  ②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never

  ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally

  (2)地点副词

  ①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,

  nowhere,somewhere.

  ②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):

  above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,

  away,near,off,past

  (3)方式副词 表示谓语动词“怎样地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):

  badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully4,carelessly5,nervously,proudly,patiently,

  politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,

wrongly,suddenly.

  (4)程度副词 多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather6,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly

  (5)疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句:how,when, where,why

  (6)连接副词 连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why

  (7)关系副词 引导定语从句:when,where,why

  (8)其它性质的副词 对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:

  frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),first of all(首先)等。

  2.副词的用法及位置

  (1)修饰动词作状语

  ①多数位于动词之后,及物动词的宾语或介问的宾语之后。

  eg.The farmers are working hard in the field7.

  She speaks English well.

  The nurse looks after the babies carefully.

  ②频度副词放在动词前,情态动词和助动词之后。

  eg.He always goes to school On foot.

  She was8 often late for school.

  I have never been to Beijing·

  (2)修饰形容词作状语,放在形容词前。

  eg.He has a very nice watch.

  The box is too heavy.

  (3)修饰另一副词作状语,放在另一副词前。

  eg.She paints quite well.

  You speak too fast.I can’t understand you.

  (4)作表语,放在系动词后。

  eg.Is anybody9 in?

  (5)作宾语补足语,放在宾语之后。

  eg.I saw10 him out just now.

  (6)作定语,放在名词之后。

  eg.There is a man:here On vacation11.

  (7)疑问副词、修饰整个句子的副词以及perhaps12,first,sometimes,finally等副词,一般放在句首。

  eg.Finally,I finished13 the work.

  Perhaps he’s watching TV at home.

  (8)表示程度的副词一般放在被修饰词前,而enough则放在它所修饰的词后。

  eg. He is old enough to go to school.

  (三)形容词和副词的比较等级

  1.比较级、最高级的构成

  (1)单音节和少数双音节词

  ①一般在词尾加er或est

  great——greater——greatest,young——younger——youngest,slow→slower→slowest

  ②以e结尾的只加r或st

  nice——nicer——nicest,large——larger—largest.

  ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est

  heavy——heavier——heaviest, easy——easier——>easiest,

  busy——busier——busiest, funny——funnier——+funniest,

  early——earlier→earliest

  ④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est

  big——bigger——biggest, thin——thinner——>thinnest,fat—fatter→fattest,

  fitt—fitter→fittest

  (2)多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级

  careful→more careful——most careful

  useful14——more useful——most useful

  popular15→more popular→most popular

  carelessly——more carelessly——most carelessly

  (3)不规则变化的词

  good/well→better→best

  bad/ill/badly→worse→worst

  many/much→more→most

  little→less→least

  old→older/elder→oldest(指年龄大小)/eldest16(指长幼顺序)

  far→farther/further→farthest(指距离)/furthest(指程度)

  2.形容词和副词比较级、最高级的用法

  (1)形容词和副词比较级的用法

  ①用于两者比较,表示“比…更…”:

  “A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B,

  eg.I am two years older than my little sister.

  “A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+B:

  eg. She gets to school earlier than the other students.

  ②用于两者之间的同级比较,表示“…和…一样”:

  “A+系动词+as1+形容词原级+as+B,

  eg.Bill17 is as funny as his father.

  “A+谓语动词+as+副词原级+as+B”

  eg.Lucy speaks Chinese as well as Lily18.

  ③表示甲在某方面不如乙:

  “A+系动词+notas/so+形容i司原级+as十B”

  eg.These books aren’t as interesting as those.

  “A+助动词/情态动词+not+谓语动词+aS/SO+B”

  eg.She didn’t sing sO well that night as she usually does.

  ④表示某个范围内的两者相比:

  “A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)” eg.Penny19 is the taller of the two girls.Penny是这两个女孩中较高的一个。

  ⑤表示“越来越…”:“比较级+and+比较级”

  eg.In spring the days are getting longer and longer. 在春天,白天变得越来越长。

  ⑥表示“越…越…”:“the+比较级…the+比较级”

  eg.The mort:you practice20 using English,the better you’ll learn it 你英语练得越多,就会学得越好。

  ①可以用much,far,even21,a bit,a little,a lot等修饰比较级表示程度,但决不可用very修饰。

  eg.Tom is a little taller than Mike.Tom比Mike稍高一点;

  it is even colder today than yesterday. 今天甚至比昨天更冷

  ⑧在比较级中,为了避免重复,可用that或those代替前面提到过的事情。

  eg.The weather here is much hotter than that Ofour hometown22.这儿比我的老家热得多。

  The pants23 in this shop are a lot better than those in that shop.这家商店的裤子比那家商店的裤子质量好得多。

  (3)形容词和副词最高级的用法

  对三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时用最高级。形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词最高级前可加the,也可省掉the;后面可带of/in短浯来说明比较范围:

  “主语+系动词+the+形容词最高级+of短语/in短语”

  eg.She is the youngest Of all.

  “A+谓语动词+(the)+最高级+of短语/in短语”

  eg.Linda draws most carefully in her class.

 

冠词
  五、冠词(art.)用在名词前,帮助说明其意义

  冠词分为不定冠词a/an和定冠词the,放在名词前、a/3n用在单数可数名词前(a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前)。

  1.不定冠词

  (1)不定冠词的用法

  ①泛指—类人或物。

  eg.This is a pencil case.

  She’S a doctor.

  ②指不具体的某个人或物。

  eg.I met an old man On my way home.

  ③用在序数词前,相当于another.

  eg.There’s a third boy near the shop.

  ④表示“每—(个)”,相当于every.

  eg.They have music lessons twice24 a week.

  ⑤固定搭配。

  a lot Of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such25 a/an, have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour, three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo26

  (2)不定冠词的位置

  ①不定冠词—般放在所修饰的单数可数名词前。

  eg,a bike,an egg

  ②当名词被such,what,many修饰时,不定冠词放在这些词之后。

  eg.It took27 me half an hour to finish my homework.

  He left in such a hurry that he forgot28 to close the door.

  What a dangerous job it is!

  Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.

  ③当名词前的形容词前有so,how,too等词时,不定冠词应放在形容词之后。

  Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind29 man to the station.

  How nice a film this is!

  ④当名词前面有形容词和quite,rather,very时,不定冠词放在quite,rather之后,very之前。

  eg.It is quite a good book.

  That is rather a useful too1.

  This is a very interesting story

  2.定冠词的用法表示上文中所提到过的人或物。

  eg:l have two children,a boy and a girl.The boy’s name is Mark30.The girl’s name is Penny.

  (2)特指某(些)人或物。

  eg: The girl in a red dress comes from America.

  (3)指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或物。

  eg: My shoes are under the bed.

  (4)用在形容最高级和部分比较级前。

  eg Tom is the taller of the two boys.

  (5)用在序数词前。

  eg Monday is the second day of a week.

  (6)yo用在世界上独一无二的事物前(如太阳、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等)。

  cg The moon moves round the earth31.

  (7)用在某些形容词前,表示—类人或物。

  the rich(富人),the poor(穷人),the deaf(聋人),the blind(盲人),the dead(死者),the wounded32(伤员)

  (8)用在姓氏复数前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫妇”。

  eg.The Greens are having dinner at home.

  (9)用在乐器前。

  eg.play the piano/guitar/violin/drums.

  (10)用于逢“十”的复数数词前,指某个世纪中的几十年代或人的大约年岁。

  eg. In the 1970s,a highway33 was built34 to linkup the city with my hometown.

  I think he is in the thirties.

  (11)用在某些专有名词和习惯用语中。

  the United35 Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace36,the Palace Museum,in the end,in the day,in the middle Of,all the time,in the east,by the way,On the way tO,the(more)……

  the(more)…“越…越…”

  3.不用冠词的情况

  (1)名词前有指示代词this,that,these,those时不用冠词。

  eg.That girl is my friend.

  (2)名词前有物主代词my,your,his her,their等时不用冠词。

  eg.Lucy is her sister.

  (3)名词前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代词时不用冠词。

  eg.Which man is Mr Green?

  Each student has a beautiful picture.

  (4)复数名词表示一类人或物时不用冠词。

  eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.

  (5)物质名词表示种类时不用冠词。

  eg.Snow is white.

  (6)抽象名词表示一般概念时不用冠词。

  eg.Does she like music?

  (7)在球类运动和棋类游戏前时不用冠词。

  eg.play basketball/soccer/chess

  (8)在三餐前不用冠词。

  eg.have breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner

  (9)在人名、地名、节假日、星期、月份前不用。

  eg. Tina,China,Tiananmen Square,Beijing,University,New Year’s Day,Tuesday,January

  (10)在学科和节目名称前不用冠词。

  eg.My favorite37 is English.

  (11)在某些固定搭配中不用冠词。

  eg.at noon38, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till39 night,at night,gO tO school,go to bed,at last

  4.在有些词组中,用冠词和不用冠词意思有较大区别。

  in hospital(在住院);in the hospital(在医院)

  in prison(在坐牢);in the prison(在监狱里)

  at table(吃饭,用餐);at the table(在桌旁)

  in front of(在某个范围之外的前面);in the front of(在某个范围之外的前面)

  go to college(上大学);go to the college(去那所大学)

  take place(发生);take the place(代替)



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 as pNiyL     
conj.按照;如同
参考例句:
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里,这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
2 important wcIzI     
adj.重要的;重大的;严重的
参考例句:
  • It's important to find out what he is doing.弄清他在干什么是重要的。
  • This is a very important problem.这个问题很重要。
3 sentence szCwb     
n.句子;判决,宣判 vt.宣判,判决
参考例句:
  • It is a simple sentence.这是个简单句。
  • This is the first sentence. 这是第一句话。
4 carefully FTDyE     
adv.仔细地;小心地
参考例句:
  • If you watch carefully you will see how to do it. 如果你仔细观察,你就会看出如何做此事了。
  • Now listen carefully everybody.请大家仔细地听。
5 carelessly QxazYP     
adv.无忧无虑地;粗心大意地;草率地;淡漠地
参考例句:
  • Don't bundle all the clothes into that bag so carelessly. 别把所有的衣服随随便便塞进那个手提包里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Products must be strictly, not carelessly, inspected before they leave the factory. 产品出厂要严格检查,马马虎虎可不行。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
6 rather TTOx1     
adv.宁愿,宁可;相当
参考例句:
  • I would rather go out tonight,if you don't mind. 如果你不介意的话,我宁愿今晚出去。
  • This book is rather too easy for this boy.这本书对于这个孩子来说太简单。
7 field qksxD     
adj.野外;n.地,田地
参考例句:
  • Go into the field and clear those boys off.到田里去把那些男孩赶走。
  • He is going across the field.他正穿越田野。
8 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
9 anybody 7Mcy5     
n.重要人物;pron.任何人
参考例句:
  • They do not see anybody.他们没看见任何人。
  • You couldn't tell anybody.你不能告诉任何人。
10 saw ts3yA     
vbl.看见(see的过去式);n.锯;v.用锯子锯
参考例句:
  • Would you like to saw a tree for me?你能为我锯棵树吗?
  • The moment I saw you,I knew you were angry with me.我一看到你,就知道你在生我的气。
11 vacation miMww     
n.假期,休假;vi.度假
参考例句:
  • I'll take a vacation this weekend.这个周末我要休假。
  • The vacation passed away quickly.假期过得很快。
12 perhaps wM0x5     
adv.也许,可能
参考例句:
  • Perhaps it will rain in the afternoon.下午可能有雨。
  • Perhaps I can help you.也许我能帮帮你的忙吧。
13 finished otFzWn     
adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • We finished up everything there was on the table. 我们把桌上的东西全吃完了。
  • We can certainly have the job finished on time.我们肯定能按时完成任务。
14 useful QjHwV     
adj.有用的;有益的
参考例句:
  • The horse is a useful animal.马是有用的动物。
  • He's a useful member of the team.他是该队的一名强手。
15 popular XOaxT     
adj.受欢迎的;流行的;通俗的
参考例句:
  • " Mary " is a very popular name for a girl.“ 玛丽 ”是个很常见的女孩名字。
  • He likes to play football and to sing popular songs.他喜欢踢足球和唱流行歌曲。
16 eldest bqkx6     
adj.最年长的,最年老的
参考例句:
  • The King's eldest son is the heir to the throne.国王的长子是王位的继承人。
  • The castle and the land are entailed on the eldest son.城堡和土地限定由长子继承。
17 bill MdAy2     
(Bill)比尔(男名);n.帐单,钞票,票据,清单;议案,法案;广告;鸟嘴,喙;vt.开帐单,用海报宣传,把...列成表
参考例句:
  • Bill is both a good swimmer and a good cook.比尔不仅是个游泳好手,而且是个烹调能手。
  • It will save trouble if you pay the bill now.如果你现在付账就没事了。
18 lily c12xZ     
n.百合,百合花,睡莲
参考例句:
  • She is as fair as lily.她像百合花一样美。
  • She destroyed a lily flower.她破坏了一朵百合花.
19 penny 0MFxu     
n.(英)便士,美分
参考例句:
  • I will not lent you a penny.我一便士都不愿借给你。
  • Sugar has risen a penny a pound.糖价每磅涨了1便士。
20 practice oPJxa     
n.练习,实行,习惯;v.练习,实习,开业
参考例句:
  • I need to practice more.我要多加练习。
  • Knowledge comes from practice.知识来自于实践。
21 even EiUzR     
adj.平坦的,偶数的,相等的;adv.甚至,恰好,正当
参考例句:
  • It was cold yesterday,but it's even colder today. 昨天冷,今天更冷了。
  • He's the best teacher even though he has the least experience.尽管他经验最少,但教得最好。
22 hometown prdzV7     
n.故乡;家乡
参考例句:
  • Australia is the hometown of kangaroos.澳大利亚是袋鼠的故乡。
  • My hometown is 100 miles away from here.我的家乡离这里有一百英里路。
23 pants 8mczIr     
n.(pl)裤子,短裤
参考例句:
  • This is a pair of pants.这是一条裤子。
  • What color are his pants?他的裤子是什么颜色?
24 twice ClIwt     
adv.两次;两倍
参考例句:
  • Bob phoned twice today.鲍勃今天打了两次电话。
  • I woke up twice in the night.我夜里醒过两次。
25 such psww9     
adj.如此的,这样的;pron.这样的;adv.如此地
参考例句:
  • He is such a man.他是这样一个人。
  • He spent all his money,he is such a fool.他这样傻,花光了所有的钱。
26 kilo f2Qxx     
pref.表示“千”;abbr.千克,公斤(=kilogram/kilogramme)
参考例句:
  • I must buy a kilo of coffee today.我今天得去买一公斤咖啡。
  • These apples are selling at 40 pence a kilo.这些苹果售价每公斤40便士。
27 took indwq     
vt.带,载(take的过去式)
参考例句:
  • I took my dog for a walk along the river.我带着狗沿那条河散步。
  • It took me about two hours to cook the meat.我花了大约两个小时来煮这些肉。
28 forgot uiYxe     
v.动词forget的过去式,忘记,遗漏,轻忽
参考例句:
  • The boy forgot where he put his textbook.那男孩忘记把课本放在什么地方了。
  • I forgot how to do it.我忘记怎样做了。
29 blind SRgye     
adj.盲目的,瞎的;n.百叶窗;v.使失明
参考例句:
  • He is blind in the left eye.他的左眼是瞎的。
  • The blind live in the dark.盲人在黑暗中生活。
30 mark RBnxf     
n.标志,分数,马克;v.做标记于,留意,打分数
参考例句:
  • Put a question mark at the end of that sentence.在那个句末划一个问号。
  • Mark the wrong word with a circle.把错字圈起来。
31 earth ar7xL     
n.陆地;大地;地球
参考例句:
  • The earth moves round the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
  • Spring returns to the earth.大地回春。
32 wounded 2egzJV     
adj.受伤的;n.伤员
参考例句:
  • The wounded man let out a cry of pain.伤员发出一阵痛苦的叫喊声。
  • She attended on the wounded soldier day and night.她日夜护理着负伤的战士。
33 highway edbxS     
n.公路,大路;(美)高速公路
参考例句:
  • A highway bridge is being built over the river.那条河上正在修筑一座公路桥。
  • The highway winds around the mountain.这条公路盘山而上。
34 built XS6y2     
v.build的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • My father built his business on years of hard work.我父亲多年奋斗创立了自己的事业。
  • Ten years later,the school built out two buildings.10年后这个学校又增建了两栋建筑。
35 united Yfmz2c     
adj.和谐的;团结的;联合的,统一的
参考例句:
  • The whole nation is closely united.全国人民紧密团结。
  • The two men were united by community of interests.共同的利益使两个人结合在一起。
36 palace 7Kox2     
n.皇宫;官殿;豪华大厦
参考例句:
  • It is really a magic palace!那真是一个有魔力的宫殿!
  • What a palace this was!这里可真像皇宫啊!
37 favorite ytuzLi     
n.特别喜爱的(人)物;adj.特别喜爱的
参考例句:
  • Spring and autumn are my favorite seasons.春秋是我喜欢的季节。
  • Her most favorite fruit is orange.她最喜欢的水果是桔子。
38 noon qHSxj     
n.中午,正午;最高点;全盛期
参考例句:
  • She often read newspaper at noon.她常在中午看报。
  • I'll be back before noon.我会在正午之前回来。
39 till dovwL     
conj.直到(...为止);n.(账台中)放钱的抽屉;prep.直到;pron.直到...为止,直到;vt.耕种
参考例句:
  • It was not till 11 o'clock that he came back last night.昨晚直到11点他才回来。
  • You can come to my house till all hours.你多晚来我家都没关系。
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