| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(一)基数词 在英语中表示数目的词称为基数词。 1.基数词的构成 (1)1-20 one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve,thirteen,fourteen,fifteen, sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen,twenty (2)21-99 先说“几十”,再说“几”,中间加连字符。 23→twenty-three,34→thirty-four,45→forty—five,56→fifty-six,67→sixty-seven,78→seventy-eight,89→eighty-nine,91→ninety-one (3)101—999先说“几百”,再加and,再加末两位数或末位数; 586→five hundred and eighty-six,803→eight hundred and three (4)l,000以上,先从右往左数,每三位数加一个“,”,第一个“,”前为thousand.第二个“,”前为 million3,第三个“,”前为billion(美式)或thousand ,million(英式),然后一节一节地表示。 1,001→one thousand and one 9,785→nine thousand, seven hundred and eighty-five 18,423→eighteen thousand,four hundred and twenty-three 6,260,309→six million two hundred and sixty thousand three hundred and nine 750,000,000,000→seven hundred and fifty, billion4(美式) seven hundred and fifty thousand million(英式) 2.基数词的用法 (1)作主语 eg.Four Of them come from Paris. (2)作宾语 eg.一 How many books would5 you like? 一I would like two. (3)作表语 (4)作定语 eg.There are three people in my family· (5)作同位语 eg. You two will go swimming with us. (6)表具体数字时,hundred,thousand,million用单数。 eg. There are six hundred students in our grade. (7)表不确定的数字时,数词用复数。若带名词,再加of hundreds of(数百,成百上千的),thousands of(数干,成千上万的),millions of(数百万) eg,They arrived in two sand threes.他们三三两两地来了。 (8)表示“…十”的数词的复数可以表示人的岁数或年代。 eg. He is in his early thirties.他有三十来岁(31—34岁): This took7 place in the 1930s.这事发生在二十世纪三十年代; (9)表示时刻 eg.I watch CCTV News8 at seven o’clock every evening. (二)序数词 在英语中表示顺序、次序的词称为序数词。 1.序数词的构成 (1)一般在基数词后加th eg.four→fourth,thirteen→thirteenth (2)不规则变化 one→first,two→second,three→third,five→fifth,eight→eighth,nine→ninth,twelve——~twelfih (3)以y结尾的十位整数,变y为ie再加th twenty→twentieth, forty→fortieth, ninety→ninetieth (4)从二十一后的“几十几”直至“几百几十几”或“几千几百几十几”只将个位的基数词变为序数词。 twenty-first,two hundred and forty-fifth 2.序数词的用法 (1)序数词作定语时,一般要与定冠词或物主代词连用。 eg.Tom is their second son. He is the first one to come here. (2)序数词有时可与不定冠词连用,表示数量上“又—”,“再一” eg: He tried a second time.他又试了—次。 Shall9 l ask him a third time?还要我再问他—次吗?我已问了他两次) (3)序数词的缩写形式为:阿拉伯数字加上这个词的末尾两个字母。 1st 2nd,3rd,4th,20th,21st,22nd,23rd (4表示年、月、日时,年用基数词,日用序数词。 2005年8月15日:(英)15,8,2005=15th,August,2005;(美)8,15,2005=August 15th,2005 (三)基数词和序数词都可以用来给数字编号。 No.1(1号),No.3bus(3路公共汽车),Room 103,(103号旁间) The first lesson=Lesson Two(第二课) (四)分数词的表达 分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1时,分母加s eg.1/3-one third;2/5-two fifths10 (五)数学运算的表达 eg.3+5=8 Three plus/and five is eight. 9-2=7 Nine minus two is seven. 6x5=30 Five times six is thirty /six unutilized five is thirty. 8÷2=4 Eight divided11 by two is four. 介词 (一)表示时间的介词 (1)at ①接具体时间:eg.at six,at half past two,at ten to twelve ②表示“在…时刻”;eg: at noon,at midnight12 (2)in ①表示“在(某段时间段)之间”; eg.in January,in a month,in spring,in 2005 ②在将来时中,表示“在某段时间之后” eg.In ten years,I think I’ll be a reporter13. (3)on 表示在具体的某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上等。 eg. On Monday,On Tuesday afternoon,On May4th,On the morning of July 6th (二)固定搭配的介词 (1)动词+介词:look after,look at,look for,laugh at,listen to,hear from,turn On,turn off14, wait for,worry about,think of,spend……On (2)介词十名词:by train,on foot,at the end of ,at last,in the end,in trouble,at table,at breakfast, in hospital,in time,On time, On one’s way to,with pleasure16 (3)be+形容词+介词:be afraid of ,be good at,be good/bad for, be late for,be interested17 in,be angry, with,be full of,be sorry for 连词 八、连词(conj.用来连接词与词或句与句 (1)并列连词(用来连接平行的词、词组或分句) ①表并列关系:not only……but also,neither……nor,and ②表选择关系:or,either……or ③表转折关系:but,while ④表因果关系:for,so (2)从属连词(用来引导从句) ①引导时间状语从句: after,before,when,while,as2,until,till,since,as soon as ②引导原因状语从句:because,as,since ③引导目的状语从句:so that,in order18 that ④引导结果状语从句:so that,so…that,such……that ⑤引导比较状语从句:than,as…as (一)动词的种类。 (1)及物动词vt,其后接宾语。 eg.She wears a uniform. (2)不及物动词vi,不接宾语。 eg :She can dance. (3)连系动词like-v.接表语。 eg.They are nurses. That sounds interesting. His mother looks young. If you keep milk for too long, it goes bad. (4)助动词aux——V.接动词原形或分词(它无实在意思,只起语法作用)。 eg, DO you like pandas? He has gone to Australia. She is looking at the cat. (5)情态动词mod-v.接动词原形(它不能单独作谓语,有自己的意思,无人称和数的变化)。 Eg. He must go now. You should clean the classroom after class. (6)有些动词既可作及物动词,也可作助动词或不及物动词,be也可作助动词。 eg.I do my homework after class.(Vt.) Do as you like.(Vi.) She is a little bit21 quiet.(mod-v.) She is swimming now.(aux-v.) (二)情态动词的用法 l .can/could (1)表示具有某种能力,意为“能、能够、会”(could表过去)。 eg.I can sing English songs. She could swim when she was24 four years old. (2)表示许:可、允许,意为“可以”。 eg.Can we watch TV now? You can’t play computer games in the morning. (3)表示请求某人做某事,意为“能,能够”(用could使晤气更委婉)。 eg.Can/Could you help me,please? (4)表示推测“可能”,多用于否定句和疑问句中。(表肯定推测可用must,might,could等) cg.it can’t be true25.这不可能是真的。 Where can he have gone?他可能会去哪儿呢? 2.may/might (1)表示许可、允许,意为“可以”,比can更正式。 eg. May l use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗? May l ask you a question?我可以问你—个问题吗? (2)表示推测“可能”,用于肯定句和否定句,不能用于疑问句。 eg.He may be at home now.他可能现在在家。 She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。 1.两者都可以用来表示能力。 eg.I can/am able to mend26 the bike. 2.can只有现在时(Can)和过去时(could),而be able to可用于多种时态。 eg. I will be able to come back in another few27 months. He hasn’t been able to get there before dark28. 3.can可以表示推测,但be able to不能。 eg.That Can’t be Gina’s dictionary29. 4.can与be able to;不能重复使用 eg.他能做好这件事。 He can be able to do is well.(X1) He can do it well.(√) He is able to do it well.(√) (三)must与have to的区别 1.主客观方面不同。 must表“义务”或“强制”,表示主观的必要;在肯定句中must还可表推测,语气要比may肯定多。have to表“必须”或“不得不”,表示客观的必要。 eg.We must clean the room.(表示我们认为房间太脏了。) We have to clean the room.(表示没有人替我们打扫房间等客观原因。) He must beat30 home before supper.(他晚饭前一定在家。) 2.人称和时态不同。 must无人称和时态的变化,一律用must十动词原形。have to后接动词原形,有人称、数和时态的变化,一般现在时的第三人称单数要用has to,过去时中要用had to,将来时中要用will have to.另外,have to还可与,情态动词和助动词连用。 eg: Tom must practice31 his guitar every day. The train has left.We’ll have to wait for the next train. 3.否定式及意义不同。 must not=mustn’t“决不可/千万不可/务必不要”; don’t/doesn't/didn’t/won’t+have to“不必” eg.We mustn’t tell jokes32 on him.我们千万不可与他开玩笑。 We don’t have to tell jokes on him.我们不必和他开玩笑。 在对May I…? 作否定回答时用No, you mustn’t/can’t. eg. May l go to the movies? NO,You mustn’t 4.疑问式及回答不同。 Must+主语+动词原形+…? Yes,主语+ must./NO,主语+needn’t. 助动词+主语+have to+动词原形+…? Yes,主语+助动词。/No,主语+助动词+not. eg.Must l go now? Yes,you must./NO,you needn’t Does she have to go to the doctor? Yes,she does./NO,she doesn’t.
点击收听单词发音
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
上一篇:备战2007年中考英语·十大词类复习全攻略二 下一篇:提高中学生英语口语的六大绝招 |
- 发表评论
-
- 最新评论 进入详细评论页>>