牛津实用英语语法 226 if,even if,whether,unless,but for,
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-03-14 07:28 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
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A even if=even though即便)

请比较下面两个例句:

You must go tomorrow if you are ready

如果你准备好了,明天你必须走。

You must go tomorrow even if you arent ready

哪怕你没有准备好,明天你也得走。

B whetheror=ifor是否)

You must go tomorrow whether you are ready or not

无论你明天是否准备好了,你都必须走。

C unless+肯定动词(=if+否定动词除非)

Unless you start at once youll be late.相当于:

If you dont start at once youll be late

除非你立即动身,否则你就会迟到。

Unless you had a permit1 you couldnt get a job.相当于:

If you hadnt a permit you couldnt get a job

除非你有执照,否则你就找不到工作。

注意下面两个例句间的区别:

a Dont call me if you need help

如果你需要帮助的话,别打电话找我。

b Dont call me unless you need help

除非你需要帮助否则别打电话找我。

在例句(a)中,即使在对方需要帮助的时候,说话人也不愿意去帮助对方。在例句(b)中,在对方需要帮助的时候,说话人愿意帮助对方,但说话人不愿意对方在不要紧的时候打电话找自己。

unlesshedyoud likeprefer等通常可用来代替 if heyou wouldnt like等:

Ill ask Tomunless youd prefer me to askunless youd rather I asked Bill

我去问汤姆,除非你宁愿叫我去问比尔。

D but for=if it were not forif it hadnt been for不然)

My father pays me fees2But for that I wouldnt be here

我父亲给我一笔补贴费。不然我就不会在这里了。

The car broke down But for that we would have been in time

汽车出毛病了。要不是那个我们会及时赶到的。

E otherwise=if this doesnt happendidnt happenhadnt happened否则)

We must be back before midnight otherwise well be locked out

我们必须在午夜之前赶回去,否则我们就会被锁在门外。相当于:

If we are not back by midnight well be locked out

如果我们不在午夜之前赶回去,我们就会被锁在门外。

Her father pays her feesotherwise she wouldnt be here

她的费用是她的父亲付的,否则她就不会在这里。相当于:

If her father didnt pay her fees she wouldnt be here

要是她的父亲不付她的费用,她就不会在这里了。

I used my calculator3 otherwise Id have taken longer

我用了计算器,不然我花的时间就会更多。相当于:

If I hadnt used my calculator Id have taken longer

要是我没用计算器,我花的时间就会更多。

F 在日常英语中 or(+else)可以代替 otherwise

We must be early orelse we wont get a seat

我们必须早去,否则就不会有座位了。

G 存在强烈的限制或约束的意思时,provided4that)可以代替if。它主要用来表示允许:

You can camp here provided you leave no mess

你们如果保持整洁的话,可以在这里宿营。

H supposesupposing…?(=what if…?假如)

Suppose the plane is late?相当于:

What ifWhat will happen if the plane is late

假如飞机误点的话,将会出现什么情况?

Suppose no one had been there?相当于:

What if no one had been there

假如没有人去过那里的话,会怎么样?

suppose也可以引出建议:

Suppose you ask him?/Why dont you ask him

假如你问一问他呢?/你为什么不问一问他呢?



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1 permit jMixB     
n.许可证,许可,执照;vt.允许,容许;vi.容许
参考例句:
  • The doctor will not permit mother up until her leg is better.在母亲的腿好些之前,医生不允许她起床。
  • The soldiers had orders to permit no stranger through.士兵们接到命令不许任何陌生人通过。
2 fees a1ff09453cc85d1a8cc7fb1f4911f8e4     
费用; (加入组织或做某事付的)费( fee的名词复数 ); 专业服务费; 咨询费; 报酬
参考例句:
  • Employees are reimbursed for any legal fees incurred when they relocate. 员工调往异地工作时,他们可以报销由此产生的所有法律服务费用。
  • As a scholar you will not have to pay college fees. 作为接受奖学金的学生,你不必付大学的费用。
3 calculator uTqyv     
n.计算者,计算机
参考例句:
  • Don't forget to bring your calculator that day.那天你可别忘了带计算器。
  • I totaled my expenses with a calculator. 我用计算器算出开支的总金额。
4 provided PkNzng     
conj.假如,若是;adj.预备好的,由...供给的
参考例句:
  • Provided it's fine we will have a pleasant holiday.如果天气良好,我们的假日将过得非常愉快。
  • I will come provided that it's not raining tomorrow.如果明天不下雨,我就来。
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