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A wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去时(虚拟语气;参见第290节B)这一结构用于对目前的情况表示遗憾: I wish I knew his address. 但愿我知道他的地址就好了。相当于: I’m sorry I don’t know his address. 很遗憾,我不知道他的地址。 I wish you could1 drive a car. 我真希望你会开车。相当于: I’m sorry you can’t drive a car. 真可惜你不会开车。 I wish hs was2 coming with us. 我多希望他能跟我们一起来。相当于: I’m sorry he isn’t coming with us. 真遗憾他不能跟我们一起来。 wish可用在过去时中而不改变虚拟的意思: He wished he knew the address. 他多希望他知道那个地址。相当于: He was sorry he didn’t know the address. 他感到遗憾他不知道那个地址。 在间接引语中,虚拟过去时形式不用变化: ‘I wish I lived nearer my work,’he said3. “但愿我住得离工作地再近点,”他说。相当于: He said he wished he lived nearer his work. 他说但愿他能住得离工作地再近点。 B wish(that)+ 主语+ 过去完成时(虚拟语气)表示对过去的情况表示遗憾: I wish(that) I hadn’t spent so much money. 但愿我没花掉这么多钱就好了。相当于: I’m sorry I spent so much money. 真后悔我花去了这么多钱。 I wish you had4 written to him. 但愿你给他写过信就好了。相当于: I’m sorry you didn’t write to him. 真遗憾你没有给他写信。 wished可代替wish而不改变虚拟的意思: I wished I hadn’t spent so much money.相当于: I was sorry I had spent so much money. (译文同上。) 变为间接引语时,这些动词不用变化: ‘I wished I had taken his advice5,’she said. “但愿我当时听了他的劝告就好了,”她说。相当于: She(said she) wished she had taken his advice. 她(说她)但愿当时听了他的劝告就好了。 C if only的用法与此完全相同。它的意思与 wish相同,只是比wish更生动: If only we knew where to look for him! 如果我们知道上哪里去找他就好了! If only she had asked someone’s advice! 假如她早请教别人一下就好了! 点击收听单词发音
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