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A 代词和所有格形容词一般由第一人称或第二人称转化为第三人称,除非说话者转述的就是自己的话: He said,‘I′ve forgotten the combination of my safe.’ 他说:“我忘了我保险柜的密码了。”相当于: He said that he had forgotten the combination of his safe. 他说他忘记了他保险柜的密码了。 I said,‘I like my new house.’ 我说:“我喜欢我的新房子。”相当于: I said that I liked my new house. 我说我喜欢我的新房子。(说话者转述的是自己的话) 有时为避免意义上的混淆不清,必须将代词改变成名词:Tom said,‘He came in through the window’(汤姆说:“他是从窗户进来的”)这句话一般不能像下面那样转述:Tom said he hadcome in through the window(汤姆说他是从窗户进来的)。 这种转述方法意思可能指汤姆自己是通过窗户进来的。如果在这里将代词改变为相应的一个名词,就不会混淆了:Tom said that the man/burglar/cat etc.had come in…(汤姆说那个男人/入室窃贼/猫等是从……进来的)。 代词的变化会引起动词的变化: He says,‘I know her.’ 他说:“我认识她。”相当于: He says he knows her. 他说他认识她。 He says,‘I shall be there.’ 他说:“我将在那里。”相当于: He says that he will be there. 他说他将在那里。 B this和these this如用于表示时间,通常转述为that: He said,‘She is coming this week.’ 他说:“她这个星期来。”相当于: He said that she was coming that week. 他说她那个星期来。 但是,this和that不表示时间而当形容词用时,转述时用the: He said,‘I bought this pearl/these pearls for my mother.’ 他说:“这颗/这些珍珠是给我母亲买的。”相当于: He said that he had bought the pearl/pearls for his mother. 他说这颗/这些珍珠是给他母亲买的。 this,these作代词用时可转述为it,they/them: He showed me two bullets.‘I found these embedded1 in the panelling,’he said. 他把两颗子弹头拿给我看。“我发现这两颗子弹头嵌在护壁板里,”他说。相当于: He said he had found them embedded in the panelling. 他说他发现这两颗子弹嵌在护壁板里。 He said,‘We will discuss this tomorrow.’ 他说:“我们明天讨论这件事。”相当于: He said that they would discuss it/the matter the next day. 他说他们要在第二天讨论它/那件事。 this,these(形容词或代词)可以用于表明选择,或用于把一些东西与另一些东西区别开来。这时用the one(s)near him等来转述,或可以把话换一个方法说清楚: ‘I′ll have this(one),’he said to me. 他对我说:“我要这个。”相当于: He said he would have the one near him./He pointed2 to/touched/showed me the one he wanted. 他说他要靠近他的那一个。/他把他想要的那个指/摸/拿给我看。 点击收听单词发音
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