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直接问句: He said,‘Where is she going?’ 他说:“她要上哪儿去?” 间接问句: He asked where she was going. 他问她要上哪儿去。 A 把直接问句变为间接问句时,需作下列改变: 时态、代词、所有格形容词、时间副词和地点副词的变化与陈述句中的变化相同。 动词的疑问式变成陈述式;在间接问句中不加问号(?): He said,‘Where does she live?’ 他说:“她住在什么地方?”相当于: He asked where she lived. 他问她住在什么地方。 如直接问句针对主语提问,则此种变化显然是没有必要的(参见第55节): ‘Who lives next door?’he said. 他说:“谁住在隔壁?”相当于: He asked who lived next door. 他问谁住在隔壁。 ‘What happened?’she said. 她说:“发生了什么事?”相当于: She asked what had happened. 她问发生了什么事。 B 如果引导动词是say,则必须换为表示询问的动词,如ask,in- quire,wonder,want to know等: He said‘Where is the station?’ 他说:“车站在哪里?”相当于: He asked where the station was. 他问车站在什么地方。 ask,inquire,wonder也可用在直接引语中,但这时通常位于句尾: ‘Where is the station?’he inquired1. “车站在什么地方?”他问道。 C ask之后可以接说话的对方(间接宾语): He asked,‘What have you got in your bag?’ 他说:“你的包里装的是什么?”相当于: He asked(me) what I had got in my bag. 他问(我)我的包里装的是什么。 但在inquire,wonder,want to know之后不能有间接宾语。因此,如想要转述提及说话对方的问句时就必须用ask: He said,‘Mary,when is the next train?’ 他说:“玛丽,下一班火车是几点的?” He asked Mary when the next train was. 他问玛丽下一班火车是几点的。 如果我们用inquire,wonder或want to know,就必须省去间接宾语Mary。 D 如果直接问句是由(when,where,who,how,why等)疑问词开头的,则必须在间接引语中重复这些疑问词: He said,‘Why didn′t you put on the brake?’ 他说:“你怎么没刹车呢?”相当于: He asked(her)why she hadn′t put on the brake. 他问(她)怎么没刹车。 She said,‘What do you want?’ 她说:“你们想要什么?”相当于: She asked(them)what they wanted. 她问他们想要什么。 E 如果没有疑问词,则必须用if或whether: ‘Is anyone there?’he asked. 他问道:“那儿有人吗?”相当于: He asked if/whether anyone was there. 他问那儿是否有人。 1 通常这两个词都可以用,但if要比whether更普遍些: ‘Do you know Bill?’he said. 他说:“你认识比尔吗?”相当于: He asked if/whether I knew Bill. 他问我是否认识比尔。 ‘Did you see the accident?’the policeman asked. 警察问:“你看到那起事故了吗?”相当于: The policeman asked if/whether I had seen the accident. 警察问我是否看到那起事故了。 2 whether可用于强调对某事必须做出选择: ‘Do you want to go by air or sea?’the travel agent asked. 旅游商问:“你想乘飞机走,还是想乘船走?”相当于: The travel agent asked whether I wanted to go by air or by sea. 旅游商问我是想乘飞机走,还是想乘船走。 请注意whether or not的用法: ‘Do you want to insure2 your luggage or not?’he asked. 他问:“你的行李要保险吗?”相当于: He asked whether or not I wanted to insure my luggage./He asked if I wanted to insure my luggage or not. 他问我是否要给行李保险。 3 whether+不定式结构可位于wonder,want to know之后: ‘Shall/Should I wait for them or go on?’he wondered. 他问自己:“我是等等他们呢还是继续往前走呢?”相当于: He wondered whether to wait for them or go on./He wondered whether he should wait for them or go on. 他问自己是要等等他们还是继续往前走。 inquire+whether+不定式结构是可以的,但不常见。 (关于whether+不定式,另参见第242节B。) 4 如果问句含有条件从句时,用whether就比较清楚,否则就会出现两个if: ‘If you get the job will you move to York?’Bill asked. 比尔问:“如果你得到那份工作,你会迁到约克去吗?”相当于: Bill asked whether,if I got the job,I′d move to York. 比尔问如果我得到那份工作我是否会迁到约克去。 点击收听单词发音
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