空灵 Ethereal Effect

 

空灵用笔洗练，重在传达神韵，具有空灵特点的作品澄澈透明、飘逸灵动，能使人体悟到自由超脱的审美愉悦。

 

The notion of ethereal effect values simple layout and economical use of details, seeking to convey character and imagination. Works that make use of ethereal effect convey a wonderful lucidity¹, and possess openness, freedom, and natural grace. Such works enable viewers to appreciate the aesthetic² joy of free imagination.

 

▌引例

 

古人用笔极塞实处愈见空灵，今人布置一角已见繁缛。（恽格《南田画跋·题画》）

 

When painting, classical artists made use of ethereal effect all the more where a dense³ collection of objects normally was required. However today's artists no sooner begin to paint than they fill the space with elaborate details.

 

枯淡 Dry Plainness

 

指诗文作品所呈现的质朴干枯、平和清淡的艺术风格。

 

This refers to a literary style that appears plain and dry, mild and moderate.

 

枯淡不是枯涩寡味、平庸浅薄，而是指外表看似干枯平淡、内里丰腴醇厚的一种表现手法，旨在用质朴平淡的语言和描写来表现丰富深刻的思想内容，创造出含蓄深邃、醇厚高远的意境。

 

▌引例

 

所贵乎枯淡者，谓其外枯而中膏，似淡而实美，渊明、子厚之流是也。（苏轼《评韩柳诗》）

 

I value the style of dry plainness because it looks withered⁴ and dry outside but is rich inside; it appears plain but is in fact beautiful. Poetry by such writers as Tao Yuanming and Liu Zongyuan is like this.

 

畅神 Free Flow of One's Mind

 

指精神与自然合一时所达到的自由舒畅的一种审美状态。

 

The term describes a state of mind one achieves when appreciating an artwork, in which process one's inner feelings interact freely and joyfully⁵ with nature.

 

▌引例

 

圣贤映于绝代，万趣融其神思，余复何为哉？畅神而已。（宗炳《画山水序》）

 

As sages⁶ of remote past already discovered the philosophical⁷ wisdom inherent in nature through imagination and contemplation, what more do I need to do now? All I have to do is relishing⁸ the joy when my mind interacts freely with the depicted⁹ landscape.

 

高古  Unadorned Antiquity¹⁰

 

高远古朴，高雅简古。用于文艺批评，主要指文艺作品中所体现出的意蕴高远古朴、情志高雅，凝重而又深具历史感的艺术风格。

 

This term describes the quality of loftiness or primitive¹¹ simplicity¹², and is used primarily in literary criticism to refer to an ancient nobility, an aspiration¹³ or sentiment, or an artistic¹⁴ style of historical gravity.

 

它有时也指高人雅士独具的一种人格境界。

 

This term is also used to refer to an elevated state of being attained¹⁵ by noble-minded persons.

 

▌引例

 

汉人诗文，存于今者，无不高古浑朴。（章学诚《文史通义·内篇五·妇学篇书后》）

 

Prose and poetry by Han Dynasty authors, so long as they have survived to this day, all show a lofty adherence¹⁶ to an unadorned antiquity and a charming rusticity¹⁷.

 

气象  Prevailing¹⁸ Features

 

原是自然界中景色物候的总称，也指某个时期社会的总体精神风貌。

 

Qixiang (气象), originally a term about the general state of scenery and physical objects in nature, also refers to the prevailing features of a society in a given period of time.

 

具体到艺术领域，指艺术作品所呈现出的风格与气概，内涵偏重于宏伟壮大，多用“雄浑”（heroic）“浑厚”（immense）“峥嵘”（sublime）等来修饰。

 

▌引例

 

盛唐诸公之诗，如颜鲁公书，既笔力雄壮，又气象浑厚。（严羽《答出继叔临安吴景仙书》）

 

Works of many poets during the prime of the Tang Dynasty struck readers with their powerful expression, just like the calligraphy¹⁹ of Yan Zhenqing.

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