THE PRESIDENT:  Well, good morning, everyone.

AUDIENCE:  Good morning.

THE PRESIDENT:  We are gathered in the heart of our nation’s capital, surrounded by memorials to leaders and citizens who served our nation in its earliest days and in its days of greatest trial.  Today is such a time for America.

Over the past two years, we have faced the worst recession since the Great Depression.  Eight million people lost their jobs.  Tens of millions saw the value of their homes and retirement¹ savings² plummet³（垂直落下） .  Countless⁴ businesses have been unable to get the loans they need and many have been forced to shut their doors.  And although the economy is growing again, too many people are still feeling the pain of the downturn（衰退，低迷） .

Now, while a number of factors led to such a severe recession, the primary cause was a breakdown⁵ in our financial system.  It was a crisis born of a failure of responsibility from certain corners of Wall Street to the halls of power in Washington.  For years, our financial sector⁶ was governed by antiquated⁷（废弃） and poorly enforced rules that allowed some to game the system and take risks that endangered the entire economy.

Unscrupulous（肆无忌惮的，寡廉鲜耻的） lenders locked consumers into complex loans with hidden costs.  Firms like AIG placed massive, risky⁸ bets with borrowed money.  And while the rules left abuse and excess unchecked, they also left taxpayers¹⁰ on the hook if a big bank or financial institution ever failed.

Now, even before the crisis hit, I went to Wall Street and I called for common-sense reforms to protect consumers and our economy as a whole.  And soon after taking office, I proposed a set of reforms to empower consumers and investors¹¹, to bring the shadowy deals that caused this crisis into the light of day, and to put a stop to taxpayer⁹ bailouts once and for all（一劳永逸地，彻底地） .  (Applause.) Today, thanks to a lot of people in this room, those reforms will become the law of the land.

For the last year, Chairmen Barney Frank and Chris Dodd have worked day and night -- (applause) -- Barney and Chris have worked day and night to bring about this reform.  And I am profoundly grateful to them.  I would be remiss¹²（怠慢的，迟缓的） if I didn't also express my appreciation¹³ to Senator Harry¹⁴ Reid and Speaker Nancy Pelosi for their leadership.  It wouldn’t have happened without them.  (Applause.)

Passing this bill was no easy task.  To get there, we had to overcome the furious lobbying of an array of powerful interest groups and a partisan¹⁵ minority determined¹⁶ to block change.  So the members who are here today, both on the stage and in the audience, they have done a great service in devoting so much time and expertise¹⁷ to this effort, to looking out for the public interests and not the special interests.  (Applause.)  And I also want to thank the three Republican senators who put partisanship¹⁸（党派性，党派偏见） aside -- (applause) -- judged this bill on the merits（优点，功绩） , and voted for reform.   We’re grateful to them.  (Applause.)  And the Republican House members.  (Applause.)  Good to see you, Joe.  (Applause.)

Now, let’s put this in perspective（正确地） .  The fact is, the financial industry is central to our nation’s ability to grow, to prosper¹⁹, to compete and to innovate²⁰.  There are a lot of banks that understand and fulfill²¹ this vital role, and there are a whole lot of bankers who want to do right -- and do right -- by their customers.  This reform will help foster（培养，养育） innovation, not hamper²² it.  It is designed to make sure that everybody follows the same set of rules, so that firms compete on price and quality, not on tricks and not on traps.

It demands accountability and responsibility from everyone. It provides certainty to everybody, from bankers to farmers to business owners to consumers.  And unless your business model depends on cutting corners or bilking（欺骗，诈骗） your customers, you’ve got nothing to fear from reform.  (Applause.)

Now, for all those Americans who are wondering what Wall Street reform means for you, here’s what you can expect.  If you’ve ever applied²³ for a credit card, a student loan, or a mortgage, you know the feeling of signing your name to pages of barely understandable fine print.  What often happens as a result is that many Americans are caught by hidden fees and penalties, or saddled（承受，负担） with loans they can’t afford.

That’s what happened to Robin²⁴ Fox, hit with a massive rate increase on her credit card balance even though she paid her bills on time.  That’s what happened to Andrew Giordano, who discovered hundreds of dollars in overdraft²⁵ fees on his bank statement –- fees he had no idea he might face.  Both are here today.  Well, with this law, unfair rate hikes, like the one that hit Robin, will end for good.  (Applause.)  And we’ll ensure that people like Andrew aren’t unwittingly caught by overdraft fees when they sign up for a checking account.  (Applause.)