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(一)、论点构造题 这一方面的问题主要让考生去识别或找到:the basic structure of an argument(论述的基本结构),properly drawn1 conclusion(正确得到的结论),underlying assumption (隐含的假设),well-supported explanatory hypotheses(有力的解释性假说)以及parallels between structurally2 similar arguments(结构上相似的论点的类似性)。换句话说,这类题型考察的就是我们识别怎样的前提或附加信息可以得出、支持或削弱既定结论的能力。从根本上看,就是在考察演绎推理的能力。 解决这类题型,要紧紧抓住前面提到的相关性原则。一方面,要细读题干,从头看到尾,同时思考:结论句中包含哪些假设?结论可以由什么推出?另一方面,在判断5个选项与题干有无相关关系时,可以使用如下判别方法:1. 在不违背题干意思的前提下,触及矛盾点或对比点的,就是最佳选项;2. 选择的范围要大于原文的范围。 下面是一道简单的例题: The cost of producing radios in Country Q is ten percent less than the cost of producing radios in Country Y. Even after transportation fees and tariff3 charges are added, it is still cheaper for a company to import radios from Country Q to Country Y than to produce radios in Country Y. The statements above, if true, best support which of the following assertions? (A) Labor4 costs in Country Q are ten percent below those in Country Y. (B) Importing radios from Country Q to Country Y will eliminate ten percent of the manufacturing jobs in Country Y. (C) The tariff on a radio imported from Country Q to Country Y is less than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Y. (D) The fee for transporting a radio from Country Q to Country Y is more than ten percent of the cost of manufacturing the radio in Country Q. (E) It takes ten percent less time to manufacture a radio in Country Q than it does in Country Y. 很明显,题干中出现了2个比较对象:the cost of producing radios in Country Q, the cost of producing radios in Country Y, 和一个矛盾点:transportation fees and tariff charges.只有C项触及了题干中出现比较对象和矛盾点。因此C是最佳选项。 点击收听单词发音
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