四、平行结构(1)

在GMAT句子改错题里，还有一种韪也归于平行结构，即句子前半部以某种方式构成，句子的后半部也以上述同样的方式构成。

1． The root systems of most flowering perennials¹ either become too crowded, which results in loss of vigor², and spread too far outward, producing a bar e center.

A) which results in loss of vigor, and spread

B) resulting in loss of vigor, or spreading

C) with the result of loss of vigor, or spreading

D) resulting in loss of vigor, or spread

E) with a resulting loss of vigor, and spread

2． The economic forces which may affect the new public offering of stock in clude sudden downturns n the market, hedging and other investor³ strategies for preventing losses, loosening the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized.

A) loosening the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized

B) loosening the interest rates in Washington, and a fear of the company still being undercapitalized

C) a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and fearing that the company may still be undercapitalized

D) a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and a fear of the stillundercapitalized company

E) a loosening of the interest rates in Washington, and a fear that the company may still be undercapitalized

3.the Puritan was composed of two different men; the one all self-abasement and penitence⁴; the other proud and inflexible⁵.

A) the one all self-abasement and penitence

B) one of them all self-abasement and penitence

C) the one self-abasing and penitent⁶

D) the one self-abasement and penitence

E) self-abasing and penitent

4.the financial crash of October 1987 demonstrated that the world’s capital markets are integrated more closely than never before and events in one part of the global village may be transmitted to the rest of the village-almost instantaneously.

A) integrated more closely than never before and

B) closely integrated more than ever before so

C) more closely integrated as never before while

D) more closely integrated than ever before and that

E) more than ever before closely integrated as

5. The herbicide Oryzalin was still being produced in 1979, three years after the wives of workers producing the chemical in Rensselaer, New York, were found to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages⁷, and none of their pregnancies⁸ was normal.

A) to have borne children with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of their pregnancies was

B) to have had children born with heart defects or miscarriages, and none of the pregnancies was

C) either to have had children with heart defects or miscarriages, without any of their pregnancies being

D) either to have had miscarriages or to have borne children with heart defects’ none of the pregnancies was

E) either to have had miscarriages or children born with heart defects, with out and of their pregnancies being

6. To read of Abigail Adam’s lengthy⁹ separation from her family, her difficult travels, and her constant battles with illness is to feel intensely how harsh life was even for the so-called aristocracy of Revolutionary times.

A) To read of

B) Reading about

C) Having read about

D) Once one reads of

E) To have read of

7. Minimum wage legislation has been controversial since its inception¹⁰: itsproponents argue that the people who are most economically vulnerable are safeguarded from being exploited, while other critics argue it leads to people being unemployed¹¹.

A) the people who are most economically vulnerable are safeguarded from being exploited, while other critics argue it leads to people being unemployed.

B) the people safeguarded from being exploited are the most economically vulnerable, whereas the critics argue it leads to people being unemployed

C) it is safeguard so that the most economically vulnerable are not exploited, whereas the critics contend that it is a cause of unemployment

D) it safeguards the most economically vulnerable from exploitation, while its critics contend that it is a cause of unemployment

E) it has safeguarded the people who are most economically vulnerable from being exploited, while its critics contend that it leads to people being unem ployed

8. Prompted by new evidence that the health risk posed by radon gas is far more serious than was previously¹² thought, property owners are being advised by authorities to test all dwellings¹³ below the third floor for radon gas and to make repairs as needed.

A) property owners are being advised by authorities

B) property owners are advised by authorities that they should

C) authorities are advising property owners to

D) authorities are advising property owners they

E) authorities’ advice to property owners is they should

9.When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try and establish tighter restrictions¹⁴ for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products.

A) and establish tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are to be allowed to grow and to encourage

B) and establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain able to be grown by farmers and encouraging

C) establishing tighter restrictions for the amount of grain farmers are allowed to grow and to encourage

D) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain capable of being grown by farmers and encouraging

E) to establish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage

10. Manifestations¹⁵ of Islamic political militancy¹⁶ in the first period of religious were the rise of the Wahhabs in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and the victory of the Usuli “mujtahids” in Shiite Iran and Iraq.

A) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of religious were the rise of the Wahhabs in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

B) Manifestations of Islamic political militancy in the first period of reli gious reformism were shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Suddaan, and also

C) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancy were the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, of the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeriam the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

D) In the first period of religious reformism, manifestations of Islamic political militancywere shown in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, the Mahdi in the Sudan, and

E) In the first period of religious reformism, Islamic political militancy was manifested in the rise of the Wahhabis in Arabia, the Sanusi in Cyrenaica, the Fulani in Nigeria, and the Mahdi in the Sudan, and in

11. Some bat caves, like honeybee hives, have residents that take on different duties such as defending the entrance, acting¹⁷ as sentinels and to sound awarning at the approach of danger, and scouting¹⁸ outside the cave for new food and roosting sites. ( O.P.297)

A) acting as sentinels and to sound

B) acting as sentinels and sounding

C) to act as sentinels and sound’

D) to act as sentinels and to sound

E) to act as a sentinel sounding

12. Lacking information about energy use, people tend to overestimate¹⁹ the amount of energy used by equipment, such as lights, that are visible ad must be turned on and off and underestimate that used by unobtrusive equipment, such as water heaters. (O.P.298)

A) equipment, such as lights, that are visible ad must be turned on and off and underestimate that

B) equipment, such as lights that are visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

C) equipment, such as lights, that is visible and must be turned on and off and underestimate it when

D) visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and underestimate that

E) visible equipment, such as lights, that must be turned on and off and und erestimate it when

13. The voluminous personal papers of Thomas Alva Edison reveal that his inventions typically sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from previous works.( O.P.301)

A) sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly

B) sprang to life not in a flash of inspiration but were slowly evolved

C) did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly

D) did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but had slowly evolved

E) did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but they were slowly evolved

14. The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence²⁰ of prize-stock breeding, with individual bulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented²¹ prices, and excited enormous interest whenever they were put on show. ( O.P . 311)

A) excited

B) it excited

C) exciting

D) would excite

E) it had excited

15. The current administration, being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing to increase as a result of deep cuts in the value of the dollar, has formed a group to study ways to sharpen our competitiveness. (O.P.314)

F) being worried over some foreign trade barriers being removed and our exports failing

G) worrying over some foreign trade barriers being removed, also over the failure of our exports

H) worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and the failure of our exports

I) in that they were worried about the removal of some foreign trade barriers and also about the failure of our exports

J) because of its worry concerning the removal of some foreign trade barriers, also concerning the failure of our exports

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