there is a general idea that waiters and waitresses are more likely to receive larger gratuities¹ from large groups of people. a recent research study suggests this is not true. the researchers examined the relationship between the size of tips in restaurants and the number of meals charged on the bill. they found that, while most tips were around 15 percent, the minimum percentage considered appropriate, people dining alone tipped consistently more (19 percent) and those dining in groups of four or more tipped considerably² less (13 percent) than this 15 percent standard. these results strongly suggest that people dining in a group are less likely to feel personally responsible for leaving an adequate or generous tip.

　　there is a general idea that a translation always fails to preserve some of the qualities that distinguish the original work—i.e., that 'something always gets lost in translation.' writers, critics, and the general reading public unthinkingly accept this clichè. but this belief is unwarranted: translators are sometimes distinguished³ authors themselves, and some authors may even translate their own works. as the translator pointed⁴ out in the preface to an english version of dante's works, the violin and the piano make different sounds, but they can play what is recognizably the same piece of music.