第四天 6.24 
 
6. post hoc , ergo prepter hoc = after this , therefore because of this 

P46 47 , P55 81 
7. concurrence¹ P36 5 , P50 61 
8. incomplete comparison or selective comparison P54 78 
9. composition and division 

composition: 把个体特征不恰当的移植到整体上 
division: 把群体特征简单的移植到个体上 
P48 55 
 
最后段的写作： 
两项任务： 
1. 指出原论者未能有效的支持自己的结论 
2. 指出原论者可以从正文分析的几个方面加强原论证。 

针对正文几个topic sentence 作者应在这几个方面加强 
Module²: p75-p79 
 
Issue (是非问题) 
Strategy: P67 
选题： 
构思：brainstorm 
开头：陈述问题背景，指出自己论点 
正文：2~3 段，分别支持自己立场 
1. 每段要有一个主题 
2. 展开论述 
3. 复杂性，让步，修正 
4. 使用信号词 

结尾： 
语言问题： check P68 
 
Brainstorm³ 快速构思 
1. 从大脑里调出尽可能多的相关信息 
2. 充分relax 
3. 快速记忆 
 
Issue的典型立场 
Agree P104 3 
Disagree P108 47 
 
闪光句型:----结论 
1. to sum up, the conclusion lacks credibility cause the evidence cited in the 
analysis does not lend strong support to what the arguer maintains. To 
strengthen the argument, the arguer would have to provide more evidence 
concerning … 
2. moreover, it would be necessary for the arguer to rule out all the 
above-mentioned possibilities before we can better evaluate the argument. 
3. As it stands, the argument is not well reasoned. To make it logically 
acceptable, the arguer would have to demonstrate that … 
4. additionally, the arguer must provide evidence to rule out other possible 
causes … 
5. To conclude, this argument is not persuasive⁴ as it stands. Before we accept 
the conclusion, the arguer must present more facts to demonstrate that … 
6. To solidify⁵ the argument, the arguer would have to produce more evidence 
concerning … 
7. In summary, the conclusion reached in this argument is invalid⁶ and 
misleading. To make the argument more convincing, the arguer would have 
to prove that … 
8. Moreover, I would suspend (推迟) my judgment about the credibility of the 
recommendation until the arguer can provide concrete evidence that …