Questions 7-8

　The economy is in a dismal¹ state, universities are suffering from cutbacks, and many students must turn to any source of funds available if they are to make endsmeet. Faced with this situation, the university has terminated the employment of some of its more productive departmental workers. Why? University regulations prohibit a student's receiving financial aid and then working for an auxiliary² income that exceeds a specified³ limit. Employees whose incomes had reached that limit Employees whose incomes had reached that limit were terminated. Now, the university must find other employees. Unfortunately, though, the university's choice of students to fill the positions will not be based upon their abilities to perform, or even upon their financial need, but upon how much money they have made.

　7.It may be concluded from information in the passage that the university

　(A) has fired some student-employees and is looking for other student-employees to replace them
　(B) has lost some full-time⁴ employees and will replace them with part-time student-employees
　(C) is looking for new employees to replace some who have quit
　(D) anticipates losing some employees and has already begun to seek replacements⁵
　(E) anticipates paying new employees lower wages than the former employees received

　8.Which one of the following is the best statement or the primary point of the passage?

　(A) Good student-employees should be able to obtain financial aid and, at the same time, earn auxiliary incomes without limits.
　(B) In the face of a declining economy, universities need to be more lenient⁶ in their financial aid policies.
　(C) University departments must adhere to the university's regulations.
　(D) Decisions about student employment should be based entirely⁷ upon each student's financial need.
　(E) Due to the problems created by a dismal economy, some student-workers have lost their jobs.
　
Question 9-10

　Any person who drops out of high school will be unemployed⁸ unless he or she finds a low-paying job or has relative with good business connections.

　9.Which one of the following conclusions CANNOT be validly⁹ drawn¹⁰ from the statement above?

　(A) Any person who drops out of high school will be unemployed, have a low-paying job, or have relatives with good business connections.
　(B) Any high school dropout¹¹ who has neither a low-paying job nor relatives with good business connections will be unemployed.
　(C) Any employed person who has neither a low-paying job nor relatives with good business connections is not a high school dropout.
　(D) Any high school dropout who has a job that is not low-paying must have relatives with good business connections.
　(E) Any person who has relatives with good business connections and who is not a high school dropout must be employed at a job that is not low-paying.

　10. Assume that Tom is employed and does not have a low-paying job. Which one of the following statements, when added to this assumption, contradicts the original statement made in the statement above?

　(A) Tom is a high school dropout
　(B) Tom does not have relatives with good business connections.
　(C) Tom is a high school dropout and does not have any relatives.
　(D) Tom is completed high school and has relatives with good business connections.
　(E) Tom has relatives with good business connections.
　　
　11. A man who survived a recent train wreck¹² in which several lives were lost were lost was asked whether he was now afraid of taking the train He reasoned, "I've read that the likelihood of a train wreck is about one in every 100,000 times a train leaves a station. So I'll start fearing for my safety after the trains have logged another 95,000 or so trips."

　The source of the man's erroneous reasoning is his

　(A) misunderstanding of "likelihood" in relation to train wrecks¹³
　(B) assumption that all train wrecks are alike
　(C) belief that his behavior can prevent train wrecks
　(D) failure to recognize that there may be fewer future train trips as a result of the recent wreck
　(E) assumption that personal fear and the occurrence of train wrecks are unrelated
　
Questions 12-13

　Chris:Murderers should be sentenced to life in prison, not subjected to the death penalty. A life sentence is enough to deter¹⁴ any convicted murderer from killing¹⁵ again. Moreover, even the worst offenders¹⁶ may sbsequently undergo a miraculous¹⁷ rehabilitation¹⁸-a possibility that is eliminated by the death penalty. The Bird Man of Alcatraz, a notorious convicted murderer, is a case in point. He raised canaries while in prison and ultimately became an acknowledged authority on the subject.

　Dana: But the Bird Man of Alcatraz killed another inmate¹⁹ while in prison. What would you do to deter him from committing yet another murder-take away his birds?
　
　12. Each of the following can be inferred from Chris's argument EXCEPT

　(A) All convicted murderers will be deterred²⁰ from killing again if given life sentences.
　(B) Any convicted murderer could undergo a miracious rehabilitation.
　(C) The Bird Man of Alcatraz is an example of miracuious rehabilitation.
　(D) The threat of life imporisionment is adequate to deter potential murderers.
　(E) Becoming an acknowiedged authority on canaries is evidence of one person's rehabilitation.

　13. Dana most seriously weakens Chris's argument by doing which one of the following?

　(A) making a personal attack on the Bird Man of Alcatraz
　(B) giving a counterexample to the principle offered by Chris that life imprisonment²¹ is from killing again.
　(C) Showing that it is unlikely that any convicted murderer could undergo a signinficant rehabilitation
　(D) Suggesting that Chris's argument is based on an atypical case
　(E) Demonstrating that it is impossible to prevent a convicted murderer from committing another murder while in prison.
　
　14. Common patterns of fallacious reasoning are endemic to everyday life and once adopted cannot be corrected. Poor reasoning skills waste public and private money, make people less efficient and productive, and diminish our national capacity to compete abroad. But within the past few years, a "thinking skillis" movement has arisen. The teaching of reasoning skills is part of this larger movement to make students think more critically. Increasingly, as part of the teaching of decision-making, college students are successfully learning to avoid common patterns of fallacious reasoning that they habitually²² commit, and, in the process,to acquire sound reasoning skills.

　Which one of the following indentifies the most serious iogical flaw 　　　that this passage contains?

　(A) The passage fails to establish a connection between the teaching of decision-making and the teaching of reasoning skills.
　(B) The passage contradicts itself by both affirming and denying that patterns of fallacious reasoning can be corrected.
　(C) The passage uses circular reasoning by first stating that patterns of fallacious reasoning diminish our capacious reasoning diminish our capacity for competition and then asserting that lack of competition leads to a lessenung of skills.
　(D) The passage makes an unwarranted inference from improving thinking skills to teaching reasoning skills.
　(E) The passage fails to link the teaching of decision-making to the larger movement to make students think more critically

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