SECTION III

Time—35 minutes

25 Questions

Directions: The equestions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer that is the response that most accurately¹ and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense² standards implausible, superfluous³, or incompatible⁴ with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

1. If a country s manufacturing capacity is fully⁵ utilized⁶, three can be no industrial growth without new capital investment. Any reduction in interest rates produces new capital investment

　　Which one of the following can be properly concluded from the statements above?

(A) Interest rates might in exceptional cases be reduced without there being 　　any subsequent investment of new capital.
(B) A reduction in interest rates might cause a precondition for industrial growth 　　to be met.
(C) If a country s manufacturing capacity is underutilized, interest rates should 　　be held sonstant.
(D) New capital investment that takes place while interest rates are rising 　　cannot lead to industrial growth.
(E) Manufacturing capacity newly created by capital investment needs to be 　　fully utilized if it is to lead to industrial growth.

2. A certain type of insect trap uses a scented⁸ lure⁹ to attract rose beetles¹⁰ into a plastic bag from which it is difficult for them to escape. If several of these traps are installed in a backyard garden, the number of rose beetles in the garden will be greatly reduced. If only one trap is installed, however, the number of rose beetles in the garden will actually increase

　　Which one of the following, if true most helps to resolve the apparent discrepancy¹¹?

(A) The scent⁷ of a single trap s lure usually cannot be detected throughout a 　　backyard garden by rose beetles
(B) Several traps are better able to catch a large number of rose beetles than is 　　one trap alone, since any rose beetles that evade¹² one trap are likely to 　　encounter another trap if there are several traps in the garden.
(C) When there are several traps in a garden, they each capture fewer rose 　　beetles than any single trap would if it were the only trap in the garden
(D) The presence of any traps in a backyard garden will attract more rose 　　beetles than one trap can catch, but several traps will not attract 　　significantly more rose beetles to a garden than one trap will.
(E) When there is only one trap in the garden, the plastic bag quickly becomes 　　filled to capacity, allowing some rose beeties to escape

3. The current move to patent computer programs is a move in the wrong direction and should be stopped. The patent system was originally designed solely¹³ to protect small-time inventors from exploitation. not to give large corporations control over a methodology. Any computer program is merely the implementation¹⁴ of a methodology.

　　Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends?

(A) Computer programs should be developed not only be large corporations but 　　by small-time inventors as well.
(B) Implementing¹⁵ a methodology always requires less creative effort than does 　　true invention
(C) The issue of whether or not to patent computer programs presents the 　　patent system with problems that have never before arisen
(D) Large corporations should not hold patents for implementations of 　　methodologies
(E) Small-time inventors who support the move to patent computer programs 　　act contrary to their own best interests

Questions 4-5

Walter: For the economically privileged in a society to tolerate an injustice¹⁶ perpetrated against one of society s disadvantaged is not just morally wrong but also shortsighted: a system that inflicts¹⁸ an injustice on a disadvantaged person today can equally well inflict¹⁷ that same injustice on a well-to-do person tomorrow

Larissa: In our society the wealthy as well as the well-educated can protect themselves against all sorts of injustices¹⁹ suffered by the less well-off Allowing such injustices to persist is bad policy not because it places everyone at equal risk of injustice but because it is a potent²⁰ source of social unrest.

4. Larissa responds to Walter by doing which one of the following?

(A) giving reason to doubt the truth of Walter s conclusion
(B) drawing implausible consequences from Walter s assumptions
(C) questioning Walter s authority to address matters of social policy
(D) providing an alternative reason for accepting the truth of Walter s conclusion
(E) charging Walter with stopping short of recognizing the full implications of his 　　position

5. Walter and Larissa are logically committed by what they say to disagreeing about which one of the following?

(A) whether the poor and the rich are part of the same social fabric
(B) whether the most successful members of a society are that society s least 　　tolerant people
(C) whether the disadvantaged members of society suffer from injustice
(D) whether those who have the most advantages in a society are morally 　　obligated to correct that society s injustices
(E) whether the economically privileged members of a society are less exposed 　　to certain sorts of injustices than are the economically disadvantaged

6. Three major laundry detergent²¹ manufacturers have concentrated their powdered detergents²² by reducing the proportion of inactive ingredients in the detergent formulas. The concentrated detergents will be sold in smaller packages. In explaining the change, the manufacturers cited the desire to reduce cardboard packaging and other production costs. Market analysts²³ predict that the decision of three manufacturers, who control 80 percent of the laundry detergent market will eventually bring about the virtual disappearance²⁴ of old-style bulky detergents

　　Which one of the following, if true, most strongly supports the prediction made by the market analysts?

(A) Most smaller manufacturers of laundry detergents will consider it too 　　expensive to retool²⁵ factories for the production of the smaller detergent 　　packages.
(B) Many consumers will be skeptical initially that the recommended small 　　amount of concentrated detergent will clean laundry as effectively as the 　　larger amount of the old-style detergent did
(C) Some analysts believe that consumers will have to pay a greater cost per 　　load of laundry to use the new concentrated detergent than they did to use 　　the old-style detergent
(D) Major supermarkets have announced that they will not charge the detergent 　　manufacturers less to display their detergents even though the detergents 　　will take up less shelf space
(E) Comsumers are increasingly being persuaded by environmental concerns to 　　buy concentrated detergents when available in order to reduce cardboard 　　waste

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