SECTION IV

Time—35 minutes

27 Questions

Directions: Each passage in this section is followed by a group of questions to be answered on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage. For some of the questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question However, you are to choose the best answer that is the response that most accurately¹ and completely answers the questions. and blacken the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

　　　Many literary scholars believe that Zora Neale Hurston s Their Eyes 　Were Watching God (1937) has been the primary influence on some of the 　most accomplished² Black women writing in the United

(5) States today. Indeed, Alice Walker, the author of the prize-winning novel The 　Color Purple. has said of Their Eyes. "There is no book more important to me 　than this one." Thus, it seems necessary to ask why Their Eyes, a work now 　viewed by a multitude

(10) of readers as remarkably³ successful in its complex depiction⁴ of a Black 　woman s search for self and community. was ever relegated⁵ to the margins⁶ of 　the literary canon

　　　The details of the novel s initial reception help

(15) answer this question. Unlike the recently rediscovered and rerexamined 　work of Harriet Wilson. Their Eyes was not totally ignored by book reviewers 　upon its publication. In fact, it received a mixture of positive and negative 　reviews both from

(20) White book reviewers working for prominent periodicals and from important 　figures within Black literary circles In the Saturday Review of Literanre George 　Stevens wrote that "the narration⁷ is exactly right, because most of it is 　dialogue and the

(25) dialogue gives us a constant sense of character in action The negative 　criticism was partially⁸ a result of Hurston s ideological⁹ differences with other 　members of the Black Americans in literature. Black

(30) writers of the 1940s believed that the Black artist s primary responsibility 　was to create protest fiction that explored the negative effects of racism¹⁰ in the 　United States. For example, Richard Wright, the author of the much 　acclaimed¹² Native Son (1940)

(35) wrote that Their Eyes had "no theme" and "no message" Most crities and 　readers expectations of Black literature rendered them unable to appreciate 　Hurston s subtle delineation¹³ of the life of an ordinary Black woman in a Black 　community

(40) and the novel went quietly out of print

　　　Recent acclaim¹¹ for Their Eyes results from the emergence¹⁴ of feminist¹⁵ 　literary criticism and the development of standards of evaluation¹⁶ specific to 　the work of Black writers; these kinds of criticism

(45) changed readers expectations of art and enabled them to appreciate 　Hurston s novel The emergence of feminist criticism was crucial because 　such criticism brought new attention to neglected works such as Hurston s 　and alerted readers to Hurston s

(50) exploration of women s issues in her fictionl. The Afroncentric standards of 　evaluation were equally important to the rediscovery of Their Eyes, for such 　standards provided readers with the tools to recognize and appreciate the 　Black folklore¹⁷ and

(55) oral storytelling traditions Hurston incorporated within her work. In one of 　the most illuminating¹⁸ discussions of the novel to date. Henry Louis Gates Jr. 　states that "Hurston s strategy seems to concern itself with the possibilities 　of representation of the

(60) speaking Black voice in writing"

1. The passage suggests which one of the following about Harriet Wilson s novel?

(A) It was written at the same time as Their Eyes Were Watching God, but it 　　did not receive as much critical attention.
(B) It greatly influenced Black women writing after the 1940s.
(C) It was widely read when it was published but it has not received attention 　　from literary crities until recently.
(D) It was not formally published, and the manuscript has only recently been 　　discovered by literary crities.
(E) It did not receive critical attention when it was published, but it has recently 　　become the subject of critical study.

2. The passage offers support for which one of the following statements about literary reviewers and Their Eyes Were Watching God?

(A) Their Eyes was widely acclaimed by reviewers upon its publication. even 　　though it eventually went out of print.
(B) The eventual¹⁹ obscurity of Their Eyes was not the result of complete neglect 　　by reviewers
(C) Some early reviewers of Their Eyes interpreted the novel from a point of view 　　that later became known as Afrocentric
(D) Their Eyes was more typical of the protest fiction of the 1940s than 　　reviewers realized
(E) Most early reviewers of Their Eyes did not respond positively²⁰ to the book.

3. Which one of the following best states the main idea of the passage?

(A) Hurston s Their Eyes Were Watching God had little in common with novels 　　written by Blank authors during the 1940s.
(B) Feminist critics and authors such as Alice Walker were instrumental in 　　establishing Hurston s Their Eyes Were Watching God as an important 　　part of the American literary canon.
(C) Crities and readers were unable to appreciate fully²¹ Hurston s Their Eyes 　　Were Watching God until crties applied²² new standards of evaluation to the 　　novel
(D) Hurston s Their Eyes Were Watching God was an important influence on 　　the protest fiction written by Black writers in the mid-twentieth century.
(E) Afrocentric strategies of analysis have brought attention to the use of oral 　　storytelling traditions in novels written by Black Americans such as 　　Hurston s Their Eyes Were Watching God.

4. According to the passage which one of the following is true of Black folklore traditions as used in literature written in the United States?

(A) They are an aspect of Black American literature first recognized and written 　　about by Henry Louis Gates. Jr
(B) They were not widely incorporated into novels written by Black Americans 　　until after the 1940s
(C) They were first used by a novelist in Zora Neale Hurston s Their Eyes Were 　　Watching God
(D) They were not incorporated into novels published by Black Americans in the 　　1940s
(E) They are an aspect of Black literature that some readers did not fully 　　appreciate until relatively²³ recently.

5. The passage suggests that Native Son differes from Their Eyes Were Watching God in which one of the following ways?

(A) It received fewer positive reviews at the time of its publication than did Their 　　Eyes
(B) It is less typical of literature written by Black Americans during the 1940s 　　than is Then Eyes
(C) It is less focused on an ordinary individual s seareh for self within a Black 　　community than is Then Eyes.
(D) It deniets more aspects of Black American folklore than does Their Eyes.
(E) It has received more attention from feinist and Afrocentric literary critics than 　　Their Eyes

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