公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(八)动词a_PETS 考试

公共英语等级考试PETS二级语法资料汇总(八)动词a

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-06-04 06:53 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

(八)动词

1.动词的概念及种类动词是表示动作或状态的词，按在句中的功用分为以下四种：

	类别	用法及意户	例词	例句与说明
实义动词	及物动词（vt.）	表动作或状态，有完整词义，后接宾语，能单独作谓语	like, enjoy, watch, want	She likes watching TV. Do you enjoy listening to music?
实义动词	不及物动词(vi.)	表动作或状态，有完整词义，后接宾语，能单独作谓语	rise¹, come, arrive, happen	That story happened last year. When did² Tom arrive?
连系动词	本身有词义，但须与表语一起构成谓语	表示“是”，“仍是”	be, stay, remain³	She remains⁴ a teacher.
		表“变得”	become, get, grow, fall, go,turn	It’s getting warm.
		表“听/看/闻/摸/尝起来”	sound / look / smell / feel / taste	That sounds a good idea. It tastes delicious⁵.
		表“似乎”,“好象”	seem,appear	He seems⁶ all right.
助动词	本身无意义不单独作谓语	谓语动词是单独的行为动词，在一般现在时/过去时的句中帮助构成否定或疑问	Do, Does, Did(位于句首构成一般问句)	Does he speak English? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. Hedoesn’t speak English.
		谓语动词是单独的行为动词，在一般现在时/过去时的句中帮助构成否定或疑问	don’t / doesn’t / didn’t(位于谓语动词前来表否定)	Jane didn’t go to school yesterday.
		与doing连用构成进行时	be (not) doing	She is doing her homework now.
		与done连用构成被动语态	be done	The tree was⁷ planed last year.
		与done连用构成完成时	have / has / had⁸ done	She has gone back.
		后接动词原形构成将来时	will/ shall⁹ do	I shall do it.
情态动词	本身有意义，但不能单独作谓语，与主要动词原形一起表示说话人的语气，情态，没有人称、数的变化。	表“能够”	can/could¹⁰(没其他形式) be able¹¹ to(有各种时态与形式)	Jane could swim when she was six. I’ll be able to speak French¹² next year.
		表“许可”	may(较正式) can(口语)	You may smoke here. “can’t”不可以；“may not”不可以
		表“请求许可”	can/could(用于一、二人称) may/might¹³(用于第一人称)	Can you help me? May I help you?=Can I help you?
		表“可能”	can/could may/might(不用于问句)	“can’t”只用于否定 “may not / might not”不可能
		表“必须”	must have to(可有各种时态)	“mustn’t”意为“不可以”，表禁止 “don’t/doesn’t have to”意为“不必”
		表“应该”	should,ought to有义务 be supposed¹⁴ to	shouldn’t/oughtn’t to不应该 are not supposed to不应该
		表“一定”	must	Tom must be late.
		表“需要”	need	作情态动词时常用于否定句，疑问句或条件从句作行为动词时，常用于肯定句
		表“敢” 表“请求指示”	dare¹⁵ shall I / we / he…？	—“Shall I open the door”? —“Sure,please.” Where shall we meet?
		表“向对方提出请求”	Will / Would¹⁶ you please?	—“Will you please open the door?” —“Sure.”
		询问对方的意思	Would you like to…?	—“Would you like to try one more.” —“No,thank you.”
		表说话人的意愿	shall	You shall be back at ten。
		“命令、允诺、强制”等，用于二、三人称	shall	He shall obey¹⁷ the rules.
		表“意愿”，用于各人称	will/would	I will answer the phone.
		表“过去常常习惯于”	used¹⁸ to	过去曾有的动作/状态；过去的习惯，此时相当于would；表次数时不用。
		表“过去常常习惯于”	would	表过去动作的重复，有明确的时间状语；表过去的次数时不用。
		表“祝愿”	may	May you succeed¹⁹.

2．动词的基本形式及变化规则如下表：

情况/形式	原形	现在分词	过去式	过去分词
一般情况	talk	加-ing talking	加-ed talked	加-ed talked
以e结尾	remove	去e加-ing removing	加-d removed	加-d removed
以辅音字母加-y结尾	carry	加-ing carrying	改y为i加-ed carried	改y为i再加-ed carried
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词	stop	双写结尾辅音字母加-ing stopping	双写结尾辅音字母再加-ed stopped	双写结尾辅音字母再加-ed stopped
以s,x,sh,ch[tF]结尾的词	watch	加-ing watching	加-ed watched	加-ed watched
以ie结尾的词	tie	改ie为y再加-ing tying	加-d tied	加-d tied

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收听单词发音

1 rise
v.(rose,risen)上升；升起；起床；起立
参考例句：
The sun rises.太阳升起来。 I always rise with the bell.我总是听到铃声就起床。

2 did
v.动词do的过去式
参考例句：
How many goals did you score in the last game?上一场比赛你们进了几个球？ Why did you choose basketball in the first place?你为何首先选择篮球呢？

3 remain
vi.保持，逗留，剩余，残存
参考例句：
The shops remain open until late every evening.这个商店每天晚上要营业到很晚才关门。 Let things remain as they have been in the past.让事情照旧吧！

4 remains
n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹
参考例句：
He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。 The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

5 delicious
adj.美味的，可口的
参考例句：
The apples are big and delicious.苹果又大又好吃。 The beer tastes very delicious.这啤酒尝起来很可口。

6 seems
v.好像，仿佛( seem的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
She seems to feel ambivalent about her new job. 她似乎对新工作忧喜参半。 Her return to the team now seems a certainty. 她的归队现在似乎已成定局。

7 was
v.(is,am的过去式)是，在
参考例句：
He said he was right.他说他是正确的。 He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。

8 had
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
参考例句：
I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！ The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。

9 shall
v.aux.（主要用于第一人称）将
参考例句：
I shall always love you.我将永远爱你。 Which club shall we join?我们要参加哪个社团？

10 could
v.能，可能(can的过去式)；aux.v.(can的过去式)能；可以
参考例句：
Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗？ I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。

11 able
adj.能...的，有才能的，能干的，能够的
参考例句：
How good and able he is!瞧他多能干啊！ He is able to do this job well.他有能力做好这件工作。

12 French
adj.法国(人)的，法语的；n.法语；vt.剁肉，蔬菜切成长条
参考例句：
She reads French quite well,but doesn't speak it.她法语的阅读能力相当强，但不会讲。 The only French city she enjoyed was Paris.巴黎是她惟一喜欢的法国城市。

13 might
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能；可以，允许
参考例句：
It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。 Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗？

14 supposed
adj.（按规定、法律、协议等）（不）应当；假定的；（只用于否定句）不准；（对某人所说的话表示气愤或不大理解）那是什么意思v.料想( suppose的过去式和过去分词)；意味着；[用于被动语态]认为应该；[用于祈使句]让
参考例句：
Journalists are supposed to be politically neutral. 新闻工作者在政治上应持中立态度。 I was supposed to be writing a letter but I'm afraid I got sidetracked . 我本来应该在写信，但后来恐怕是分心干别的去了。

15 dare
n.敢，挑战；aux.敢；vi.敢；vt.敢于，勇于面对
参考例句：
He didn't dare to look at her in the face.他不敢正眼看她。 How dare you?Take your hand off me at once.放肆！马上把你的手挪开。

16 would
aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会
参考例句：
Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？ Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？

17 obey
vt.服从；顺从
参考例句：
Everyone must obey the law.人人都必须遵守法律。 We must obey orders.我们必须服从命令。

18 used
adj.用旧了的，旧的；习惯于…；过去惯/经常
参考例句：
I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。 He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。

19 succeed
vt.成功，继承，继续；vi.接替，有作为
参考例句：
It was a good try but it didn't succeed.这是一个很好的尝试，但没有成功。 If he has no children, who will succeed?如果他没有孩子，谁将继位？

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