托福考试改错题常考要点及例题分析(上)Ⅳ
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-06-19 03:27 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

四、非谓语动词
  (一) 分词  现在分词和过去分词的区别   ①、用于句首作状语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动
  例:Won its war for independence in 1783, the United States then
     A
    struggled to establish its own economic and financial system.
       B      C            D
  分析:分词作状语,主要看是主动还是被动,美国赢得应该是主动,所以A错,改won为winning
  ②、用于名词后面作后置定语,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动
  例:In the nineteenth century the Mohave Indians lived in
        A               B  
    the Northern Hemisphere grew their crops on river bottom lands.
                 C         D
  分析:B错,生活在什么地方的人,人生活是主动,因此改为living
  一些动词后面必须用doing
  对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。
  mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate,   advocate, suggest  delay, quit
  forgive(原谅),tolerate,
  avoid, escape(逃避)  spend+名词+doing;
  have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing
  例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated1 to harvest their
     A     B    C              D
    crops.
  分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。
  例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,
                 A        B
    to revive the intermittent2 dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War.
          C          D
  分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing
  (二) 不定式
  A. 动词不定式的省略  ①、help后面可以省略to    help to do
    help sb. to do  

  例:A good exercise program helps teach people to avoid
                A      B  
    the habits that might shorten the lives.
           C     D
  分析:D错,应改为their. 定冠词在句中不如代词所有格明确,如果lives后面有定语就可以用the。注意(A)并没有错,help后面可以接不带to的不定式。
  ②、使役动词后面要省略to, 这样的动词只有三个
    make,     let,
    have sb. do sth    注意get不是使役动词,get sb. to do sth.
  例:A conductor used signals and gestures to let the musicians
          A               B
    to know when to play various parts of a composition.
     C     D
  分析:let是使役动词,后面不需要to, C改为know
  ③、感官动词     hear, feel, watch, see, notice, observe
     see sb do sth. 强调过程     see sb doing sth 正在做某事
  B. 动词不定式的固定用法
  (1)表示第一人   the first woman to do sth.
  (2)表示迫使的动词
  一般考三个, allow/ enable/ call, +sb. + to do
  例:Besides providing clues to the nature of atoms, mineral analysis
       A                 B   
    allows to speculate geologists3 about the ancient Earth.
         C           D
  分析:allow...to do是固定短语,allow的宾语应在不定式之前,即把C改为: allow geologists to speculate。
  (3)表示倾向…的形容词
  be more likely to do 更有可能作某事
  be inclined to do倾向于做某事
  be lieable to do 易于…的
  be apt to do
  (4)表示目的的名词,
  一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。
  固定的句式:
  the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth.
  the objective 目标  aim
  goal
  reason理由
  function功能
  intension意图
  例:The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was providing
                         A 
    large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
             B          C     D
  分析:the function to provide, A错
  例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure
                    A      
    and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds
       B 
    that make up various components4 of a living cell.
      C    D
  分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错
  (5) 其他同根名词
  ability to do 受到be able to 的影响
  attempt to do 企图  decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响
  ambition,
  be ambitious to do 
  effort  例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation
    A                    B  
    catastrophic events such as volcanic5 eruptions6.
            C       D
  分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词explanation改为to explain。
  例:In the early 1960's the Civil Rights movement made great
    A                   B  
    efforts for registering members of minorities to vote.
         C            D
  分析:efforts to register, C错  C. 动词不定式的其他用法  (1) be to do 表示已安排好或者注定要发生的动作,属于将来时态的范畴
  She and Anne are to meet at two o'clock.
  (2)不定式的完成式为“to have done”,表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生,这个完成式通常表示一般过去时
  I am glad to see you.
  I am glad to have seen your mother yesterday.
  yesterday是一般过去时,修饰have seen.
  (3) 形容词后面使用动词不定式,主动表示被动
  It is difficult to decide



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 celebrated iwLzpz     
adj.有名的,声誉卓著的
参考例句:
  • He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
  • The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。
2 intermittent ebCzV     
adj.间歇的,断断续续的
参考例句:
  • Did you hear the intermittent sound outside?你听见外面时断时续的声音了吗?
  • In the daytime intermittent rains freshened all the earth.白天里,时断时续地下着雨,使整个大地都生气勃勃了。
3 geologists 1261592151f6aa40819f7687883760a2     
地质学家,地质学者( geologist的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • Geologists uncovered the hidden riches. 地质学家发现了地下的宝藏。
  • Geologists study the structure of the rocks. 地质学家研究岩石结构。
4 components 4725dcf446a342f1473a8228e42dfa48     
(机器、设备等的)构成要素,零件,成分; 成分( component的名词复数 ); [物理化学]组分; [数学]分量; (混合物的)组成部分
参考例句:
  • the components of a machine 机器部件
  • Our chemistry teacher often reduces a compound to its components in lab. 在实验室中化学老师常把化合物分解为各种成分。
5 volcanic BLgzQ     
adj.火山的;象火山的;由火山引起的
参考例句:
  • There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
  • Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。
6 eruptions ca60b8eba3620efa5cdd7044f6dd0b66     
n.喷发,爆发( eruption的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • There have been several volcanic eruptions this year. 今年火山爆发了好几次。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Over 200 people have been killed by volcanic eruptions. 火山喷发已导致200多人丧生。 来自辞典例句
TAG标签:
发表评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:点击我更换图片