托福改错题常考要点及例题分析(下)Ⅴ
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
九、词性的混用
  词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。

  (一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用
  做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词;
  例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high
            A        B     
    mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and
                C
    when they are in captivity1 they breed poorly.
            D
  分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的)

  (二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用
  后面加宾语当然要用动名词
  例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds
           A       B     
    and keeping the soil in the best condition to
            C       
    help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting.
            D
  分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。
  例:Langston Hughes, a prolific2 writer of the 1920's,
              A      
     was concerned with the depicting3 the experience of
        B      C
     urban Black people in the United States.
     D
  分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction4 of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。

  (三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用
  表示时间有两种可能,
  一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子
  另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词,
  考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况
  例:Balloon observations for military intelligence
         A     B    
    were made while the American Civil War.
     C    D
  分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。
  例:Some of the most celebrated5 publicity6 stunts7 while the
     A      B           C   
    history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen.
          D
  分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。

  (四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用
  连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。
  例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social
                     A    
    work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations.
       B   C    D
  分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。
  例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples8
     A        B   C     
    easily under the stress of compression.
     D
  分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的

  (五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用
  例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine
      A         B
    article that gives personal comments on current events.
            C            D
  分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。

  例:For centuries, music have played acoustical9 guitars,
           A
    which produce sound from the vibration10 of the strings11.
     B      C      D
  分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。

  (六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词
  nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200;
  two hundred diligent students



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1 captivity qrJzv     
n.囚禁;被俘;束缚
参考例句:
  • A zoo is a place where live animals are kept in captivity for the public to see.动物园是圈养动物以供公众观看的场所。
  • He was held in captivity for three years.他被囚禁叁年。
2 prolific fiUyF     
adj.丰富的,大量的;多产的,富有创造力的
参考例句:
  • She is a prolific writer of novels and short stories.她是一位多产的作家,写了很多小说和短篇故事。
  • The last few pages of the document are prolific of mistakes.这个文件的最后几页错误很多。
3 depicting eaa7ce0ad4790aefd480461532dd76e4     
描绘,描画( depict的现在分词 ); 描述
参考例句:
  • a painting depicting the Virgin and Child 一幅描绘童贞马利亚和圣子耶稣的画
  • The movie depicting the battles and bloodshed is bound to strike home. 这部描写战斗和流血牺牲的影片一定会取得预期效果。
4 depiction f490e01c7396351ff1441f8162831f34     
n.描述
参考例句:
  • Double rhythms, resounding through the lyric depiction and connecting with each other, indicate the thespian place of mankind and the cognition of the writer to this thespian place. 这双重旋律互为表里,表明了人类的某种悲剧性处境以及作家对这种悲剧性处境的感受和认识。
  • A realistic depiction of scenes from everyday domestic life. 日常家居生活的写实画。
5 celebrated iwLzpz     
adj.有名的,声誉卓著的
参考例句:
  • He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
  • The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。
6 publicity ASmxx     
n.众所周知,闻名;宣传,广告
参考例句:
  • The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
  • He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事,只当它是一种宣传手法。
7 stunts d1bd0eff65f6d207751b4213c4fdd8d1     
n.惊人的表演( stunt的名词复数 );(广告中)引人注目的花招;愚蠢行为;危险举动v.阻碍…发育[生长],抑制,妨碍( stunt的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • He did all his own stunts. 所有特技都是他自己演的。
  • The plane did a few stunts before landing. 飞机着陆前做了一些特技。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 crumples 2c40221128b5b566f53ad308959d47dd     
压皱,弄皱( crumple的第三人称单数 ); 变皱
参考例句:
  • This kind of paper crumples easily. 这种纸容易起皱。
  • This kind of cloth crumples easily. 这种布易起绉。
9 acoustical acoustical     
adj. 听觉的,声学的,音响学的
参考例句:
  • This system can set up acoustical resonances. 这种系统能产生共鸣。
  • The relevance of acoustical principles is by no means limited to sound and hearing. 声学原理并不仅仅适用于声音和听觉。
10 vibration nLDza     
n.颤动,振动;摆动
参考例句:
  • There is so much vibration on a ship that one cannot write.船上的震动大得使人无法书写。
  • The vibration of the window woke me up.窗子的震动把我惊醒了。
11 strings nh0zBe     
n.弦
参考例句:
  • He sat on the bed,idly plucking the strings of his guitar.他坐在床上,随意地拨着吉他的弦。
  • She swept her fingers over the strings of the harp.她用手指划过竖琴的琴弦。
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