九、词性的混用
词汇量的掌握对词性的使用非常重要,但是如果对出题方向有更好的把握,将会弥补词汇量的不足。
(一)做表语时形容词和副词的混用
做表语永远用形容词,绝对不能用副词;
例:Giant pandas, which inhabit restricted areas of high
A B
mountain bamboo forests, are rarely today and
C
when they are in captivity1 they breed poorly.
D
分析:错,应改为are rare。rarely为副词,不能作表语,故改为形容词rare(罕见的,稀少的)
(二)加宾语时名词和动名词的混用
后面加宾语当然要用动名词
例:Tilling means preparation the soil to plant the seeds
A B
and keeping the soil in the best condition to
C
help the crop grow until it is ready3 for harvesting.
D
分析:A错,应改为preparing。preparation为名词,后面不能接宾语,改为动名词preparing后既能接宾语,又与后面的keeping构成并列关系。
例:Langston Hughes, a prolific2 writer of the 1920's,
A
was concerned with the depicting3 the experience of
B C
urban Black people in the United States.
D
分析:C错,应改为depicting。 depicting在此为动名词,作介词宾语时不加冠词。注意此处还可以改为the depiction4 of,但略显累赘,因为后面还有of结构。The +动名词,这个动名词其实就变为了名词。
(三)表示时间时,状语从句连接词和近义的介词混用
表示时间有两种可能,
一种是状语从句,由when and while引导,后面加句子
另一种是由介词引导,如during,后面加名词,
考试中往往就利用这个特点,总是给出相反的情况
例:Balloon observations for military intelligence
A B
were made while the American Civil War.
C D
分析:D错,应改为during。while是从属连词或并列连词,后面接句子,后面是名词短语时,应改为介词during。
例:Some of the most celebrated5 publicity6 stunts7 while the
A B C
history of radio were associated with Gracie Allen.
D
分析:C错,应改为in。while为连词,后面要求接从句,而句中显然没有从句,故根据题意改为介词in。
(四)对等连接词和近义的副词混用
连接平行结构的词叫做对等连接词,但是如果出现else, also, instead等副词把这些结构连接起来行不行呢?当然不行。
例:Mary McDowell shared Jane Addam's interest in social
A
work also was a loyal supporter of the League of Nations.
B C D
分析:B错,应改为and。also是副词,不能连接并列的谓语动词,故改为并列连词and。
例:Paper is strong under tension instead crumples8
A B C
easily under the stress of compression.
D
分析:C错,应改为but;题目意思是在拉力的作用下很强,而在压力的作用下容易起皱;instead, 副词不能连接两个动词并列,but 的对等连接词和and, or的用法是一样的
(五)表示人的名词和表示事物的词混用
例:An editor is customarily a brief newspaper or magazine
A B
article that gives personal comments on current events.
C D
分析:A错,应改为editorial。 editor的意思是“编辑”,根据题意改为名词editorial(社论)。
例:For centuries, music have played acoustical9 guitars,
A
which produce sound from the vibration10 of the strings11.
B C D
分析:A错,应改为musicians。music是抽象名词,意为“音乐”,不能表示复数要领显然应改为musicians(音乐家)。
(六) 只能用副词+数量词+名词;不能用形容词
nearly two hundred students, 这里nearly修饰的是200;
two hundred diligent students