21. Eliminating problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scapegoating¹.
用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。

22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.
一个国家的主要食物是什么，大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。

23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event’s occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.
在大量的实验中，某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率

24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density² of a substance’s solid is higher than the density of its liquid.
大多数物质遇冷收缩，所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。

25. The mechanism³ by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.
大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。

26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors⁴ in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.
到了二十一世纪中叶，美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。

27. In the eastern part of New Jersey⁵ lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping⁶ and manufacturing center.
伊丽莎白市，一个重要的航运和制造业中心，坐落于新泽西州的东部。

28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.
Elizabeth Blackwell，美国第一个女医生，创建了员工一直为女性纽约诊所。

29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.
Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人，他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师，而非电话的发明者。

30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.
采摘下的迷迭香树叶常绿不衰，因此人们把迷迭香树与怀念联系在一起
31. Although apparently⁷ rigid⁸, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity⁹ that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.
骨头看起来是脆硬的，但它也有一定的弹性，使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。

32. That xenon could not form chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.
科学家曾相信：氙气是不能形成化合物的。

33. Researchsintosthe dynamics¹⁰ of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.
对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失，避免人员伤亡。

34. The elimination¹¹ of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.
消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。

35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify¹² contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.
未来主义，二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统，试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。

36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible¹³ parts of the United States is the Everglades swheres wildlife is abundant and largely protected.
Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至的地区之一，此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。

37. Lucretia Mott’s influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.
Lucretia Mott’s的影响巨大，所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。

38. The activities of the international marketing¹⁴ researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。

39. The continental¹⁵ divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowingsintosthe Atlantic Ocean from those flowingsintosthe Pacific.
大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线，该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。

40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust and mantle¹⁶ yield when unusual weight is placed on them.
对地球引力的研究表明，在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移