Beijing yesterday inched a step closer to realizing a green Olympics by enforcing a series of measures to ease traffic jams and reduce pollution.

Vehicles with even and odd plates are hitting the roads on alternate days, which effectively means just half of the capital's 3.29 million automobiles¹ can run on any given day.

With more than 1,000 new cars being registered every day, Beijing is fast becoming one of the world's most congested cities. But the traffic restrictions² will hopefully make another 4 million people use public transport.

There were fewer vehicles on the roads yesterday and people found it easier to drive after the even-and-odd license³ plate rule was enforced. It will be in force till Sept 20, when the Paralympic Games ends.

On a normal day, a drive from Liuliqiao Bridge, on southwest Third Ring Road, to Beitucheng, on the northeast, would take more than an hour. But yesterday morning it only took half an hour.

Beijing residents are eager to use public transport if it's fast and comfortable. For instance, Lin Fengjiang, whose vehicle has an odd license plate number, took a bus because of the restrictions. "It's okay with me. Buses are running very fast today. They're more time-efficient."

Yao Zhenping, assistant to the general manager of the Beijing Public Transport Holdings Group, said more than 95 percent of the buses ran on schedule yesterday, which is impossible on normal days due to traffic congestion⁴.

The city authorities said the restrictions, along with an earlier ban on the use of vehicles that had failed to meet emission⁵ standards, could keep up to 2 million vehicles off the roads.

Pollution has been one of the biggest problems for Olympics organizers, who are banking⁶ on the traffic and industrial restrictions to ensure blue skies for the athletes and visitors, especially because car emissions⁷ are the major source of air pollution in Beijing.

He Kebin, a professor at the department of environmental science and engineering of Tsinghua University, said Beijing had met almost all major indicators⁸ of air quality for the Olympics, except that for the inhalable particulates⁹.

"Vehicles account for more than 50 percent of inhalable particulates, and traffic restrictions are the most effective way to deal with it," He said.

Environmentalists estimate that the even-and-odd number plate rule and the ban on vehicles that failed to meet emission standards would cut emissions by 63 percent.

The city authorities have warned drivers not to flout¹⁰ the even-and-odd plate rule because hi-tech surveillance cameras can easily detect their numbers, and once caught they would be fined heavily.

More than 10,000 "smart devices", including cameras and electronic detectors¹¹ have been installed on major roads and dozens of designated Olympic routes.

Taxi drivers, who loose valuable time and money because of traffic jams, have welcomed the traffic restrictions. "See, the traffic is already so much better, it's much easier to drive today," said a smiling Han Jianguo from behind the wheel of his cab.

But ordinary Beijingers who will have to cope with the already-crowded public transport were not all so thrilled. Some richer ones, however, have bought a second car.

"The rules will certainly help (ease congestion). But it will create some real difficulties for ordinary people," said resident Liu Shuo.

A series of regulations to check emissions from factories in and around Beijing, too, went into effect yesterday. More than 150 high-polluting cement and other factories will be closed for two months.

Tianjin, a port city east of Beijing and host to the Games' soccer qualifying matches, has ordered 40 factories to close down temporarily.

And the industrial base of Tangshan, northeast of Beijing, will shut down nearly 300 factories this month.

Beijing has spent about 120 billion yuan ($17.58 billion) to clean the environment.

Questions:

1. How many cars does Beijing have in total?

2. When will the odd-and-even license plate rule be in place until?

3. How will city authorities be able to tell if drivers have flouted¹² the even-and-odd license plate rule?

Answers:

1. About 3.29 million.

2. September 20.

3. High-tech¹³ surveillance cameras can easily detect the numbers and heavy fines will be imposed.