第四章 民事法律行为和代理 第一节 民事法律行为 

Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts 

 

第五十四条 民事法律行为是公民或者法人设立、变更、终止民事权利和民事义务的合法行为。 

Article 54 A civil juristic act shall be the lawful¹ act of a citizen or legal person to establish, change or terminate civil rights and obligations. 

 

第五十五条 民事法律行为应当具备下列条件： 

Article 55 A civil juristic act shall meet the following requirements: 

 

（一）行为人具有相应的民事行为能力； 

(1) the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct; 

 

（二）意思表示真实； 

(2) the intention expressed is genuine;  

 

（三）不违反法律或者社会公共利益。 

and (3) the act does not violate the law or the public interest. 

 

第五十六条 民事法律行为可以采取书面形式、口头形式或者其他形式。 

Article 56 A civil juristic act may be in written, oral or other form.  

 

法律规定是特定形式的，应当依照法律规定。 

If the law stipulates² that a particular form be adopted, such stipulation³ shall be observed. 

 

第五十七条 民事法律行为从成立时起具有法律约束力。 

Article 57 A civil juristic act shall be legally binding⁴ once it is instituted.  

 

行为人非依法律规定或者取得对方同意，不得擅自变更或者解除。 

The actor shall not alter or rescind⁵ his act except in accordance with the law or with the other party's consent. 

 

第五十八条 下列民事行为无效： 

Article 58 Civil acts in the following categories shall be null and void: 

 

（一）无民事行为能力人实施的； 

(1) those performed by a person without capacity for civil conduct; 

 

（二）限制民事行为能力人依法不能独立实施的； 

(2) those that according to law may not be independently performed by a person with limited capacity for civil conduct; 

 

（三）一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人之危，使对方在违背真实意思的情况下所为的； 

(3) those performed by a person against his true intentions as a result of cheating, coercion⁶ or exploitation of his unfavourable position by the other party; 

 

（四）恶意串通，损害国家、集体或者第三人利益的； 

(4) those that performed through malicious⁷ collusion are detrimental⁸ to the interest of the state, a collective or a third party; 

 

（五）违反法律或者社会公共利益的； 

(5) those that violate the law or the public interest; 

 

（六）经济合同违反国家指令性计划的； 

(6) economic contracts that violate the state's mandatory⁹ plans;  

 

（七）以合法形式掩盖非法目的的。 

and (7) those that performed under the guise¹⁰ of legitimate¹¹ acts conceal¹² illegitimate purposes. 

 

无效的民事行为，从行为开始起就没有法律约束力。 

Civil acts that are null and void shall not be legally binding from the very beginning. 

 

第五十九条 下列民事行为，一方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机关予以变更或者撤销： 

Article 59 A party shall have the right to request a people's court or an arbitration¹³ agency to alter or rescind the following civil acts: 

 

（一）行为人对行为内容有重大误解的； 

(1) those performed by an actor who seriously misunderstood the contents of the acts; 

 

（二）显失公平的。 

(2) those that are obviously unfair. 

 

被撤销的民事行为从行为开始起无效。 

Rescinded¹⁴ civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning. 

 

第六十条 民事行为部分无效，不影响其他部分的效力的，其他部分仍然有效。 

Article 60 If part of a civil act is null and void, it shall not affect the validity of other parts.

 

第六十一条 民事行为被确认为无效或者被撤销后，当事人因该行为取得的财产，应当返还给受损失的一方。 

Article 61 After a civil act has been determined¹⁵ to be null and void or has been rescinded, the party who acquired property as a result of the act shall return it to the party who suffered a loss.  

 

有过错的一方应当赔偿对方因此所受的损失，对方都有过错的，应当各自承担相应的责任。 

The erring¹⁶ party shall compensate¹⁷ the other party for the losses it suffered as a result of the act; if both sides are in error, they shall each bear their proper share of the responsibility. 

 

双方恶意串通，实施民事行为损害国家的、集体的或者第三人的利益的，应当追缴双方取得的财产，收归国家、集体所有或者返还第三人。 

If the two sides have conspired¹⁸ maliciously¹⁹ and performed a civil act that is detrimental to the interests of the state, a collective or a third party, the property that they thus obtained shall be recovered and turned over to the state or the collective, or returned to the third party. #p#分页标题#e#

 

第六十二条 民事法律行为可以附条件，附条件的民事法律行为在符合所附条件时生效。 

Article 62 A civil juristic act may have conditions attached to it. Conditional²⁰ civil juristic acts shall take effect when the relevant conditions are met.

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