中华人民共和国民法通则 12(2)_法律英语

中华人民共和国民法通则 12(2)

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2015-09-08 06:16 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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第四章民事法律行为和代理第一节民事法律行为

Chapter IV Civil Juristic Acts and Agency Section 1 Civil Juristic Acts

第五十四条民事法律行为是公民或者法人设立、变更、终止民事权利和民事义务的合法行为。

Article 54 A civil juristic act shall be the lawful¹ act of a citizen or legal person to establish, change or terminate civil rights and obligations.

第五十五条民事法律行为应当具备下列条件：

Article 55 A civil juristic act shall meet the following requirements:

（一）行为人具有相应的民事行为能力；

(1) the actor has relevant capacity for civil conduct;

（二）意思表示真实；

(2) the intention expressed is genuine;

（三）不违反法律或者社会公共利益。

and (3) the act does not violate the law or the public interest.

第五十六条民事法律行为可以采取书面形式、口头形式或者其他形式。

Article 56 A civil juristic act may be in written, oral or other form.

法律规定是特定形式的，应当依照法律规定。

If the law stipulates² that a particular form be adopted, such stipulation³ shall be observed.

第五十七条民事法律行为从成立时起具有法律约束力。

Article 57 A civil juristic act shall be legally binding⁴ once it is instituted.

行为人非依法律规定或者取得对方同意，不得擅自变更或者解除。

The actor shall not alter or rescind⁵ his act except in accordance with the law or with the other party's consent.

第五十八条下列民事行为无效：

Article 58 Civil acts in the following categories shall be null and void:

（一）无民事行为能力人实施的；

(1) those performed by a person without capacity for civil conduct;

（二）限制民事行为能力人依法不能独立实施的；

(2) those that according to law may not be independently performed by a person with limited capacity for civil conduct;

（三）一方以欺诈、胁迫的手段或者乘人之危，使对方在违背真实意思的情况下所为的；

(3) those performed by a person against his true intentions as a result of cheating, coercion⁶ or exploitation of his unfavourable position by the other party;

（四）恶意串通，损害国家、集体或者第三人利益的；

(4) those that performed through malicious⁷ collusion are detrimental⁸ to the interest of the state, a collective or a third party;

（五）违反法律或者社会公共利益的；

(5) those that violate the law or the public interest;

（六）经济合同违反国家指令性计划的；

(6) economic contracts that violate the state's mandatory⁹ plans;

（七）以合法形式掩盖非法目的的。

and (7) those that performed under the guise¹⁰ of legitimate¹¹ acts conceal¹² illegitimate purposes.

无效的民事行为，从行为开始起就没有法律约束力。

Civil acts that are null and void shall not be legally binding from the very beginning.

第五十九条下列民事行为，一方有权请求人民法院或者仲裁机关予以变更或者撤销：

Article 59 A party shall have the right to request a people's court or an arbitration¹³ agency to alter or rescind the following civil acts:

（一）行为人对行为内容有重大误解的；

(1) those performed by an actor who seriously misunderstood the contents of the acts;

（二）显失公平的。

(2) those that are obviously unfair.

被撤销的民事行为从行为开始起无效。

Rescinded¹⁴ civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning.

第六十条民事行为部分无效，不影响其他部分的效力的，其他部分仍然有效。

Article 60 If part of a civil act is null and void, it shall not affect the validity of other parts.

第六十一条民事行为被确认为无效或者被撤销后，当事人因该行为取得的财产，应当返还给受损失的一方。

Article 61 After a civil act has been determined¹⁵ to be null and void or has been rescinded, the party who acquired property as a result of the act shall return it to the party who suffered a loss.

有过错的一方应当赔偿对方因此所受的损失，对方都有过错的，应当各自承担相应的责任。

The erring¹⁶ party shall compensate¹⁷ the other party for the losses it suffered as a result of the act; if both sides are in error, they shall each bear their proper share of the responsibility.

双方恶意串通，实施民事行为损害国家的、集体的或者第三人的利益的，应当追缴双方取得的财产，收归国家、集体所有或者返还第三人。

If the two sides have conspired¹⁸ maliciously¹⁹ and performed a civil act that is detrimental to the interests of the state, a collective or a third party, the property that they thus obtained shall be recovered and turned over to the state or the collective, or returned to the third party. #p#分页标题#e#

第六十二条民事法律行为可以附条件，附条件的民事法律行为在符合所附条件时生效。

Article 62 A civil juristic act may have conditions attached to it. Conditional²⁰ civil juristic acts shall take effect when the relevant conditions are met.

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收听单词发音

1 lawful
adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的
参考例句：
It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。 We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。

2 stipulates
n.（尤指在协议或建议中）规定，约定，讲明（条件等）( stipulate的名词复数 )；规定，明确要求v.（尤指在协议或建议中）规定，约定，讲明（条件等）( stipulate的第三人称单数 )；规定，明确要求
参考例句：
The trade contract stipulates for the settlement of balances in RMB. 贸易合同规定余额以人民币结算。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》 The contract stipulates for the use of seasoned timber. 合同上订明用干透的木料。来自辞典例句

3 stipulation
n.契约，规定，条文；条款说明
参考例句：
There's no stipulation as to the amount you can invest. 没有关于投资额的规定。来自《简明英汉词典》 The only stipulation the building society makes is that house must be insured. 建屋互助会作出的唯一规定是房屋必须保险。来自《简明英汉词典》

4 binding
有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的
参考例句：
The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。 Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

5 rescind
v.废除，取消
参考例句：
They accepted his advice and rescinded the original plan.他们听从了他的劝告，撤销了原计划。 Trade Union leaders have demanded the government rescind the price rise.工会领导已经要求政府阻止价格上涨。

6 coercion
n.强制，高压统治
参考例句：
Neither trickery nor coercion is used to secure confessions.既不诱供也不逼供。 He paid the money under coercion.他被迫付钱。

7 malicious
adj.有恶意的，心怀恶意的
参考例句：
You ought to kick back at such malicious slander. 你应当反击这种恶毒的污蔑。 Their talk was slightly malicious.他们的谈话有点儿心怀不轨。

8 detrimental
adj.损害的，造成伤害的
参考例句：
We know that heat treatment is detrimental to milk.我们知道加热对牛奶是不利的。 He wouldn't accept that smoking was detrimental to health.他不相信吸烟有害健康。

9 mandatory
adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者
参考例句：
It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。 There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。

10 guise
n.外表，伪装的姿态
参考例句：
They got into the school in the guise of inspectors.他们假装成视察员进了学校。 The thief came into the house under the guise of a repairman.那小偷扮成个修理匠进了屋子。

11 legitimate
adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法
参考例句：
Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。 That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

12 conceal
v.隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽
参考例句：
He had to conceal his identity to escape the police.为了躲避警方，他只好隐瞒身份。 He could hardly conceal his joy at his departure.他几乎掩饰不住临行时的喜悦。

13 arbitration
n.调停，仲裁
参考例句：
The wage disagreement is under arbitration.工资纠纷正在仲裁中。 Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding.双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。

14 rescinded
v.废除，取消( rescind的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
Rescinded civil acts shall be null and void from the very beginning. 被撤销的民事行为从行为开始起无效。来自互联网 They accepted his advice and rescinded the original plan. 他们听从了他的劝告，撤销了原计划。来自互联网

15 determined
adj.坚定的；有决心的
参考例句：
I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。 He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

16 erring
做错事的，错误的
参考例句：
Instead of bludgeoning our erring comrades, we should help them with criticism. 对犯错误的同志，要批评帮助，不能一棍子打死。 She had too little faith in mankind not to know that they were erring. 她对男人们没有信心，知道他们总要犯错误的。来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

17 compensate
vt.补偿，赔偿；酬报 vi.弥补；补偿；抵消
参考例句：
She used her good looks to compensate her lack of intelligence. 她利用她漂亮的外表来弥补智力的不足。 Nothing can compensate for the loss of one's health. 一个人失去了键康是不可弥补的。

18 conspired
密谋( conspire的过去式和过去分词 )；搞阴谋；（事件等）巧合；共同导致
参考例句：
They conspired to bring about the meeting of the two people. 他们共同促成了两人的会面。 Bad weather and car trouble conspired to ruin our vacation. 恶劣的气候连同汽车故障断送了我们的假日。

19 maliciously
adv.有敌意地
参考例句：
He was charged with maliciously inflicting grievous bodily harm. 他被控蓄意严重伤害他人身体。来自《简明英汉词典》 His enemies maliciously conspired to ruin him. 他的敌人恶毒地密谋搞垮他。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

20 conditional
adj.条件的，带有条件的
参考例句：
My agreement is conditional on your help.你肯帮助我才同意。 There are two forms of most-favored-nation treatment:conditional and unconditional.最惠国待遇有两种形式:有条件的和无条件的。

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