中华人民共和国中小企业促进法 Law of the People's Republic o_法律英语

中华人民共和国中小企业促进法 Law of the People's Republic o

文章来源：文章作者：发布时间：2007-04-11 02:31 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

中华人民共和国中小企业促进法

　　（由中华人民共和国第九届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十八次会议于2002年6月29日通过，现予公布，自2003年1月1日起施行）

　　第一章总则

　　第二章资金支持

　　第三章创业扶持

　　第四章技术创新

　　第五章市场开拓

　　第六章社会服务

　　第七章附则

　　第一章总则

　　第一条　为了改善中小企业经营环境，促进中小企业健康发展，扩大城乡就业，发挥中小企业在国民经济和社会发展中的重要作用，制定本法。

　　第二条　本法所称中小企业，是指在中华人民共和国境内依法设立的有利于满足社会需要，增加就业，符合国家产业政策，生产经营规模属于中小型的各种所有制和各种形式的企业。

　　中小企业的划分标准由国务院负责企业工作的部门根据企业职工人数、销售额、资产总额等指标，结合行业特点制定，报国务院批准。

　　第三条　国家对中小企业实行积极扶持、加强引导、完善服务、依法规范、保障权益的方针，为中小企业创立和发展创造有利的环境。

　　第四条　国务院负责制定中小企业政策，对全国中小企业的发展进行统筹规划。

　　国务院负责企业工作的部门组织实施国家中小企业政策和规划，对全国中小企业工作进行综合协调、指导和服务。

　　国务院有关部门根据国家中小企业政策和统筹规划，在各自职责范围内对中小企业工作进行指导和服务。

　　县级以上地方各级人民政府及其所属的负责企业工作的部门和其他有关部门在各自职责范围内对本行政区域内的中小企业进行指导和服务。

　　第五条　国务院负责企业工作的部门根据国家产业政策，结合中小企业特点和发展状况，以制定中小企业发展产业指导目录等方式，确定扶持重点，引导鼓励中小企业发展。

　　第六条　国家保护中小企业及其出资人的合法投资，及因投资取得的合法收益。任何单位和个人不得侵犯中小企业财产及其合法收益。

　　任何单位不得违反法律、法规向中小企业收费和罚款，不得向中小企业摊派财物。中小企业对违反上述规定的行为有权拒绝和有权举报、控告。

　　第七条　行政管理部门应当维护中小企业的合法权益，保护其依法参与公平竞争与公平交易的权利，不得歧视，不得附加不平等的交易条件。

　　第八条　中小企业必须遵守国家劳动安全、职业卫生、社会保障、资源环保、质量、财政税收、金融等方面的法律、法规，依法经营管理，不得侵害职工合法权益，不得损害社会公共利益。

　　第九条　中小企业应当遵守职业道德，恪守诚实信用原则，努力提高业务水平，增强自我发展能力。

　　第二章资金支持

　　第十条　中央财政预算应当设立中小企业科目，安排扶持中小企业发展专项资金。

　　地方人民政府应当根据实际情况为中小企业提供财政支持。

　　第十一条　国家扶持中小企业发展专项资金用于促进中小企业服务体系建设，开展支持中小企业的工作，补充中小企业发展基金和扶持中小企业发展的其他事项。

　　第十二条　国家设立中小企业发展基金。中小企业发展基金由下列资金组成：

　　（一）中央财政预算安排的扶持中小企业发展专项资金；

　　（二）基金收益；

　　（三）捐赠；

　　（四）其他资金。

　　国家通过税收政策，鼓励对中小企业发展基金的捐赠。

　　第十三条　国家中小企业发展基金用于下列扶持中小企业的事项：

　　（一）创业辅导和服务；

　　（二）支持建立中小企业信用担保体系；

　　（三）支持技术创新；

　　（四）鼓励专业化发展以及与大企业的协作配套；

　　（五）支持中小企业服务机构开展人员培训、信息咨询等项工作；

　　（六）支持中小企业开拓国际市场；

　　（七）支持中小企业实施清洁生产；

　　（八）其他事项。

　　中小企业发展基金的设立和使用管理办法由国务院另行规定。

　　第十四条　中国人民银行应当加强信贷政策指导，改善中小企业融资环境。

　　中国人民银行应当加强对中小金融机构的支持力度，鼓励商业银行调整信贷结构，加大对中小企业的信贷支持。

　　第十五条　各金融机构应当对中小企业提供金融支持，努力改进金融服务，转变服务作风，增强服务意识，提高服务质量。

　　各商业银行和信用社应当改善信贷管理，扩展服务领域，开发适应中小企业发展的金融产品，调整信贷结构，为中小企业提供信贷、结算、财务咨询、投资管理等方面的服务。

　　国家政策性金融机构应当在其业务经营范围内，采取多种形式，为中小企业提供金融服务。

　　第十六条　国家采取措施拓宽中小企业的直接融资渠道，积极引导中小企业创造条件，通过法律、行政法规允许的各种方式直接融资。

　　第十七条　国家通过税收政策鼓励各类依法设立的风险投资机构增加对中小企业的投资。

　　第十八条　国家推进中小企业信用制度建设，建立信用信息征集与评价体系，实现中小企业信用信息查询、交流和共享的社会化。

　　第十九条　县级以上人民政府和有关部门应当推进和组织建立中小企业信用担保体系，推动对中小企业的信用担保，为中小企业融资创造条件。

　　中小企业信用担保管理办法由国务院另行规定。

　　第二十条　国家鼓励各种担保机构为中小企业提供信用担保。

　　第二十一条　国家鼓励中小企业依法开展多种形式的互助性融资担保。

　　第三章创业扶持

　　第二十二条　政府有关部门应当积极创造条件，提供必要的、相应的信息和咨询服务，在城乡建设规划中根据中小企业发展的需要，合理安排必要的场地和设施，支持创办中小企业。

　　失业人员、残疾人员创办中小企业的，所在地政府应当积极扶持，提供便利，加强指导。

　　政府有关部门应当采取措施，拓宽渠道，引导中小企业吸纳大中专学校毕业生就业。

　　第二十三条　国家在有关税收政策上支持和鼓励中小企业的创立和发展。

　　第二十四条　国家对失业人员创立的中小企业和当年吸纳失业人员达到国家规定比例的中小企业，符合国家支持和鼓励发展政策的高新技术中小企业，在少数民族地区、贫困地区创办的中小企业，安置残疾人员达到国家规定比例的中小企业，在一定期限内减征、免征所得税，实行税收优惠。

　　第二十五条　地方人民政府应当根据实际情况，为创业人员提供工商、财税、融资、劳动用工、社会保障等方面的政策咨询和信息服务。

　　第二十六条　企业登记机关应当依法定条件和法定程序办理中小企业设立登记手续，提高工作效率，方便登记者。不得在法律、行政法规规定之外设置企业登记的前置条件；不得在法律、行政法规规定的收费项目和收费标准之外，收取其他费用。

　　第二十七条　国家鼓励中小企业根据国家利用外资政策，引进国外资金、先进技术和管理经验，创办中外合资经营、中外合作经营企业。

　　第二十八条　国家鼓励个人或者法人依法以工业产权或者非专利技术等投资参与创办中小企业。

　　第四章技术创新

　　第二十九条　国家制定政策，鼓励中小企业按照市场需要，开发新产品，采用先进的技术、生产工艺和设备，提高产品质量，实现技术进步。

　　中小企业技术创新项目以及为大企业产品配套的技术改造项目，可以享受贷款贴息政策。

　　第三十条　政府有关部门应当在规划、用地、财政等方面提供政策支持，推进建立各类技术服务机构，建立生产力促进中心和科技企业孵化基地，为中小企业提供技术信息、技术咨询和技术转让服务，为中小企业产品研制、技术开发提供服务，促进科技成果转化，实现企业技术、产品升级。

　　第三十一条　国家鼓励中小企业与研究机构、大专院校开展技术合作、开发与交流，促进科技成果产业化，积极发展科技型中小企业。

　　第五章市场开拓

　　第三十二条　国家鼓励和支持大企业与中小企业建立以市场配置资源为基础的、稳定的原材料供应、生产、销售、技术开发和技术改造等方面的协作关系，带动和促进中小企业发展。

　　第三十三条　国家引导、推动并规范中小企业通过合并、收购等方式，进行资产重组，优化资源配置。

　　第三十四条　政府采购应当优先安排向中小企业购买商品或者服务。

　　第三十五条　政府有关部门和机构应当为中小企业提供指导和帮助，促进中小企业产品出口，推动对外经济技术合作与交流。

　　国家有关政策性金融机构应当通过开展进出口信贷、出口信用保险等业务，支持中小企业开拓国外市场。

　　第三十六条　国家制定政策，鼓励符合条件的中小企业到境外投资，参与国际贸易，开拓国际市场。

　　第三十七条　国家鼓励中小企业服务机构举办中小企业产品展览展销和信息咨询活动。

　　第六章社会服务

　　第三十八条　国家鼓励社会各方面力量，建立健全中小企业服务体系，为中小企业提供服务。

　　第三十九条　政府根据实际需要扶持建立的中小企业服务机构，应当为中小企业提供优质服务。

　　中小企业服务机构应当充分利用计算机网络等先进技术手段，逐步建立健全向全社会开放的信息服务系统。

　　中小企业服务机构联系和引导各类社会中介机构为中小企业提供服务。

　　第四十条　国家鼓励各类社会中介机构为中小企业提供创业辅导、企业诊断、信息咨询、市场营销、投资融资、贷款担保、产权交易、技术支持、人才引进、人员培训、对外合作、展览展销和法律咨询等服务。

　　第四十一条　国家鼓励有关机构、大专院校培训中小企业经营管理及生产技术等方面的人员，提高中小企业营销、管理和技术水平。

　　第四十二条　行业的自律性组织应当积极为中小企业服务。

　　第四十三条　中小企业自我约束、自我服务的自律性组织，应当维护中小企业的合法权益，反映中小企业的建议和要求，为中小企业开拓市场、提高经营管理能力提供服务。

　　第七章附则

　　第四十四条　省、自治区、直辖市可以根据本地区中小企业的情况，制定有关的实施办法。

　　第四十五条　本法自2003年1月1日起施行。

Law of the People's Republic of China on Promotion¹ of Small and Medium-sized EnterprisesOrder of the President of the People's Republic of China No. 69

　　The Law of the People's Republic of China on Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises, adopted at the 28th meeting of the Standing² Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China, is hereby promulgated³ and shall go into effect as of January 1, 2003.

Jiang Zemin President of the People's Republic of China
June 29, 2002

Law of the People's Republic of China on Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises

　　（Adopted at the 28th Meeting of the Standing Committee of the Ninth National People's Congress on June 29, 2002）

　　Contents

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Funding

　　Chapter III Support for Establishment of Enterprises

　　Chapter IV Technological⁴ Innovation

　　Chapter V Market Development

　　Chapter VI Public Services

　　Chapter VII Supplementary⁵ Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is enacted⁶ for the purpose of improving the business environment for small and medium-sized enterprises, promoting their sound development, creating more job opportunities in both urban and rural areas, and giving play to the important role of such enterprises in national economic and social development.

　　Article 2 For purposes of this Law, small and medium-sized enterprises refer to the different forms of enterprises under different ownerships that are established within the territory of the People's Republic of China according to law, that help to meet the social needs and create more job opportunities, that comply with the industrial policies of the State and that are small and medium-sized in production and business operation.

　　The criteria⁷ for determining small and medium-sized enterprises shall be laid down by the department under the State Council in charge of work in respect of enterprises, on the basis of the number of employees, volume of sale, total assets, etc. of an enterprise and in light of the characteristics of different trades and shall be submitted to the State Council for approval.

　　Article 3 With regard to small and medium-sized enterprises, the State applies the principles of active support, strong guidance, perfect service, lawful⁸ standardization⁹ an guaranteed rights and interests, in order to create a favorable environment for their establishment and development.

　　Article 4 The State Council shall be responsible for formulating¹⁰ policies regarding small and medium-sized enterprises and make overall planning for their development.

　　The department under the State Council in charge of work in respect of enterprises shall arrange for the implementation¹¹ of the State policies and plans concerning the small and medium-sized enterprises, making all-round coordination¹² and providing guidance and services in the work regarding such enterprises throughout the country.

　　The related departments under the State Council shall, according to the policies and overall planning of the State for small and medium-sized enterprises and within the scope of their respective functions and responsibilities, provide guidance and services to such enterprises.

　　Local people's governments at or above the county level, the administrative¹³ departments under them in charge of work in respect of enterprises and other departments concerned shall, within the scope of their respective functions and responsibilities, provide guidance and services to small and medium-sized enterprises located within their respective administrative areas.

　　Article 5 The department under the State Council in charge of work in respect of enterprises shall, according to the industrial policies of the State and in light of the characteristics of the small and medium-sized enterprises and the conditions of their development, determine the key ones for support by formulating a catalogue of small and medium-sized enterprises to be provided with guidance for their industrial development or by other means, in order to encourage the development of all such enterprises.

　　Article 6 The State protects the lawful investments made by small and medium-sized enterprises and their investors¹⁴, as well as the legitimate¹⁵ profits earned from the investments. No unit or individual may infringe¹⁶ upon the property and lawful rights and interests of such enterprises.

　　No unit may, in violation¹⁷ of laws and regulations, charge fees to or impose fines on small and medium-sized enterprises, nor collect money or things of value from them. The enterprises shall have the right to refuse to make the payment and the right to report and accuse violations¹⁸ of the provisions mentioned above.

　　Article 7 Administrative departments shall safeguard the lawful rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprises, protect their right to participate in fair competition and transaction according to law, and they may not discriminate¹⁹ against the enterprises or add unequal conditions to their transactions.

　　Article 8 small and medium-sized enterprises shall observe State laws and regulations governing occupational safety, occupational health, social security, resources, environment protection, product quality, public finance, taxation²⁰, finance, etc., and manage business according to law, and they may not infringe upon the lawful rights and interests of their employees or impair²¹ public interests.

　　Article 9 small and medium-sized enterprises shall observe professional ethics²², abide²³ by the principle of good faith, work hard to raise their business level and increase the ability to develop themselves.

　　Chapter II Funding

　　Article 10 In the budget of the Central Government there shall be a heading for small and medium-sized enterprises, under which to arrange special funds for supporting the development of such enterprises.

　　Local people's governments shall, in light of actual conditions, provide financial support to small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Article 11 The special funds provided by the State for supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises shall be used to promote the establishment of a service system for such enterprises, to carry out work in their support, to supplement their funds for development and to support their development in other areas.

　　Article 12 The State establishes development funds for small and medium-sized enterprises, which are composed of the following:

　　（1） the special funds arranged in the budget of the Central Government for supporting the said enterprises;

　　（2） profits yielded by the funds;

　　（3） donation; and

　　（4） others.

　　The State encourages donations to the development funds for small and medium-sized enterprises through taxation policies.

　　Article 13 The State development funds for small and medium-sized enterprises shall be used to support the following fields of endeavor:

　　（1） instructions on and services for establishment of enterprises;

　　（2） establishment of a credit guaranty system for the enterprises;

　　（3） technological innovation;

　　（4） encouragement for their specialization and their cooperation with large enterprises;

　　（5） personnel training and information consultancy, etc. provided by the service institutions for the enterprises;

　　（6） creation of international market;

　　（7） cleaner production; and

　　（8） others.

　　The administrative measures for establishment and use of the development funds for small and medium-sized enterprises shall be formulated²⁴ separately by the State Council.

　　Article 14 The People's Bank of China shall give better guidance in credit policies and help improve the financing environment for small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　The People's Bank of China shall give more vigorous support to small and medium-sized financial institutions and encourage commercial banks to readjust their credit structure and provide greater credit support to small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Article 15 All financial institutions shall provide financial support to small and medium-sized enterprises, make efforts to improve financial service, change their style of service, enhance their awareness²⁶ of the importance of service and improve service quality.

　　All commercial banks and credit cooperatives shall improve credit management, expand the areas of services and develop financial products that are suited to the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, readjust their credit structure, and provide the enterprises with such services as loans, balancing of accounts, financial consultancy and investment management.

　　State policy-oriented financial institutions shall, within their business scope, provide financial services to small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Article 16 The State takes measures to broaden the channels of direct financing for small and medium-sized enterprises and gives them active guidance in their efforts to create conditions for direct financing through various ways as permitted by laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 17 The State, through taxation policies, encourages various kinds of risk investment institutions established according to law to increase investment in small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Article 18 The State promotes the development of the credit system for small and medium-sized enterprises by establishing a collection and assessment²⁷ system of credit information, in order to socialize the inquiry²⁸ about and the exchange and sharing of credit information concerning such enterprises.

　　Article 19 People's governments at or above the county level and related departments shall promote and arrange for the establishment of a credit guaranty system for small and medium-sized enterprises, encourage credit guaranty for them and create conditions for their financing.

　　The administrative measures for credit guaranty for small and medium-sized enterprises shall be formulated separately by the State Council.

　　Article 20 The State encourages all kinds of guaranty institutions to provide credit guaranty to small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Article 21 The State encourages small and medium-sized enterprises to enter into different forms of mutual-help financing guaranty according to law.

　　Chapter III Support for Establishment of Enterprises

　　Article 22 The government departments concerned shall actively²⁹ create conditions to provide necessary and suitable information and consultancy and, when working out plans for urban and rural construction, make rational arrangements for the necessary places and facilities to meet the needs for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and support the establishment of such enterprises.

　　Where unemployed³⁰ or disabled establish small and medium-sized enterprises, the local government shall actively support them, provide conveniences and better guidance.

　　The government departments concerned shall take measures to broaden channels for the small and medium-sized enterprises to employ graduates of colleges and specialized³¹ secondary schools.

　　Article 23 The State supports and encourages, through relevant taxation policies, the establishment and development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Article 24 With regard to the small and medium-sized enterprises that are established by unemployed persons or that employ laid-off workers in the year of their establishment, the number of whom reaches the percentage fixed³² by the State, the ones that use new and high technologies and conform to State policies for supporting and encouraging the development of such enterprises the ones that are established in minority ethnic³³ areas and poverty-stricken areas, and the ones that provide jobs to disabled persons, the number of whom reaches the percentage fixed by the State, the State reduces the rate of tax or exempts³⁴ them from income tax during a certain period of time, and adopts preferential taxation policies.

　　Article 25 Local people's governments shall, in light of actual conditions, provide persons who establish enterprises with policy consultancy and information services concerning industrial and commercial administration, public finance, taxation, financing, labor³⁵, employment, social security, etc.

　　Article 26 Government departments in charge of enterprise registration³⁶ shall, in compliance³⁷ with the statutory requirements and procedures, handle registration for the small and medium-sized enterprises established, increase their work efficiency and provide conveniences to the registrants. They may not impose preconditions for registration of enterprises beyond the provisions of laws and administrative regulations; and they may not collect fees beyond the ones or rates specified³⁸ by laws and administrative regulations.

　　Article 27 The State encourages small and medium-sized enterprises, in accordance with the State policies for the use of foreign funds, to introduce foreign investment and advanced technology and management expertise³⁹ and to establish Chinese-foreign equity⁴⁰ joint⁴¹ ventures and contractual joint ventures.

　　Article 28 The State encourages individuals and legal persons, in accordance with law, to take part in the establishment of small and medium-sized enterprises by investing their industrial property right, nonpatented technology, etc.

　　Chapter IV Technological Innovation

　　Article 29 The State formulates⁴² policies to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises to develop new products and to adopt advanced technology, manufacturing technique and equipment to meet market needs and to improve product quality and make technological progress.

　　When launching projects for technological innovation and projects for technological updating in support of the products of large enterprises, small and medium-sized enterprises may enjoy the policy of discount interest on loans.

　　Article 30 The government departments concerned shall give policy-related support to small and medium-sized enterprises in terms of planning, land use and finance, promote the establishment of different kinds of technical service institutions and establish centers for advancing the productive forces and bases for creating science- and technology-oriented enterprises, in order to provide small and medium-sized enterprises with services relating to technological information, consultancy and transferring and services for the development of products and technologies, and to help promote the transformation⁴³ of scientific and technological achievements and upgrade the technology and product of the enterprises.

　　Article 31 The State encourages technological cooperation, development and exchange between small and medium-sized enterprises on the one hand and research institutions and institutions of higher education on the other, in order to promote the industrialization of scientific and technological achievements and actively develop small and medium-sized enterprises that make use of scientific and technological achievements.

　　Chapter V Market Development

　　Article 32 The State encourages and supports large enterprises to establish, on the basis of resources allocation by the market, stable relations of cooperation with small and medium-sized enterprise in respect of the supply of raw and semi-processed materials, production, marketing⁴⁴, and technological development and updating, in order to help promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Article 33 The State gives guidance to, promotes and regulates the restructuring of the assets of small and medium-sized enterprises through merge⁴⁵, purchase, etc., in order to optimize⁴⁶ the allocation of resources.

　　Article 34 When purchasing goods or service, the government shall give first priority to small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Article 35 The government departments and institutions concerned shall provide guidance and assistance to small and medium-sized enterprises to stimulate⁴⁷ the export of their products and promote their economic and technological cooperation and exchange with other countries.

　　The policy-oriented financial institutions of the State concerned shall, by means of providing loans for import and export, export credit insurance, etc., support small and medium-sized enterprises in their efforts to develop market abroad.

　　Article 36 The State formulates policies to encourage qualified⁴⁸ small and medium-sized enterprises to invest abroad, participate in international trade and develop international market.

　　Article 37 The State encourages the service institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises to hold exhibitions and fairs for their products and to conduct information consultancy activities.

　　Chapter VI Public Services

　　Article 38 The State encourages all sectors⁴⁹ of the society to establish and improve the service system for small and medium-sized enterprises and to provide them with services.

　　Article 39 The government shall, in light of actual needs, support the institutions established in the service of small and medium-sized enterprises and see that they provide top-notch services to the enterprises.

　　The service institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises shall make full use of computer networks and other advanced technologies to gradually establish and improve the information service system opening to the entire community.

　　The service institutions for small and medium-sized enterprises shall contact the various kinds of public intermediary agencies and encourage them to serve such enterprises.

　　Article 40 The State encourages the various kinds of public intermediary agencies to provide the small and medium-sized enterprises with such services as instructions on establishment of enterprises, business consulting, information consultancy, marketing, investment, financing, credit guaranty, property right transaction, technological support, bringing in of talents, personnel training, cooperation with other countries, exhibitions, fairs and legal advice.

　　Article 41 The State encourages related institutions and institutions of higher education to train managerial, technical and other personnel for small and medium-sized enterprises, in order to help raise the enterprises' level of marketing, management and technology.

　　Article 42 The self-regulating trade organizations shall actively serve the small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　Article 43 The self-regulating organizations in charge of the self-restricting and self serving small and medium-sized enterprises shall safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the enterprises, express their suggestions and requirements, and serve them in market development and increase of their management ability.

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 44 The provinces, autonomous⁵⁰ regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government may, in light of the conditions of the local small and medium-sized enterprises, formulate²⁵ measures for implementation of this Law.

　　Article 45 This Law shall go into effect as of January 1, 2003.

点击

收听单词发音

1 promotion
n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传
参考例句：
The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。 The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。

2 standing
n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的
参考例句：
After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。 They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

3 promulgated
v.宣扬（某事物）( promulgate的过去式和过去分词 )；传播；公布；颁布（法令、新法律等）
参考例句：
Hence China has promulgated more than 30 relevant laws, statutes and regulations. 中国为此颁布的法律、法规和规章多达３０余项。来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书 The shipping industry promulgated a voluntary code. 航运业对自律守则进行了宣传。来自辞典例句

4 technological
adj.技术的；工艺的
参考例句：
A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。 Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今，随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

5 supplementary
adj.补充的，附加的
参考例句：
There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了，我们另外有供水的地方。 A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。

6 enacted
制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律 Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹

7 criteria
n.标准
参考例句：
The main criterion is value for money.主要的标准是钱要用得划算。 There are strict criteria for inclusion in the competition.参赛的标准很严格。

8 lawful
adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的
参考例句：
It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。 We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。

9 standardization
n.标准化
参考例句：
Standardization of counseling techniques is obviously impossible. 很清楚，要想使研讨方法标准化是不可能的。 In Britain, progress towards standardization was much slower. 在英国，向标准化进展要迟缓得多。

10 formulating
v.构想出( formulate的现在分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示
参考例句：
At present, the Chinese government is formulating nationwide regulations on the control of such chemicals. 目前，中国政府正在制定全国性的易制毒化学品管理条例。来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书 Because of this, the U.S. has taken further steps in formulating the \"Magellan\" programme. 为此，美国又进一步制定了“麦哲伦”计划。来自百科语句

11 implementation
n.实施，贯彻
参考例句：
Implementation of the program is now well underway.这一项目的实施现在行情看好。

12 coordination
n.协调，协作
参考例句：
Gymnastics is a sport that requires a considerable level of coordination.体操是一项需要高协调性的运动。 The perfect coordination of the dancers and singers added a rhythmic charm to the performance.舞蹈演员和歌手们配合得很好，使演出更具魅力。

13 administrative
adj.行政的，管理的
参考例句：
The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。 He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。

14 investors
n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )
参考例句：
a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子 a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会

15 legitimate
adj.合法的，合理的，合乎逻辑的；v.使合法
参考例句：
Sickness is a legitimate reason for asking for leave.生病是请假的一个正当的理由。 That's a perfectly legitimate fear.怀有这种恐惧完全在情理之中。

16 infringe
v.违反，触犯，侵害
参考例句：
The jury ruled that he had infringed no rules.陪审团裁决他没有违反任何规定。 He occasionally infringe the law by parking near a junction.他因偶尔将车停放在交叉口附近而违反规定。

17 violation
n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯
参考例句：
He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。 He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

18 violations
违反( violation的名词复数 )；冒犯；违反（行为、事例）；强奸
参考例句：
This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。 These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

19 discriminate
v.区别，辨别，区分；有区别地对待
参考例句：
You must learn to discriminate between facts and opinions.你必须学会把事实和看法区分出来。 They can discriminate hundreds of colours.他们能分辨上百种颜色。

20 taxation
n.征税，税收，税金
参考例句：
He made a number of simplifications in the taxation system.他在税制上作了一些简化。 The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。

21 impair
v.损害，损伤；削弱，减少
参考例句：
Loud noise can impair your hearing.巨大的噪音有损听觉。 It can not impair the intellectual vigor of the young.这不能磨灭青年人思想活力。

22 ethics
n.伦理学；伦理观，道德标准
参考例句：
The ethics of his profession don't permit him to do that.他的职业道德不允许他那样做。 Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict.个人道德和职业道德有时会相互抵触。

23 abide
vi.遵守；坚持；vt.忍受
参考例句：
You must abide by the results of your mistakes.你必须承担你的错误所造成的后果。 If you join the club,you have to abide by its rules.如果你参加俱乐部，你就得遵守它的规章。

24 formulated
v.构想出( formulate的过去式和过去分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示
参考例句：
He claims that the writer never consciously formulated his own theoretical position. 他声称该作家从未有意识地阐明他自己的理论见解。来自《简明英汉词典》 This idea can be formulated in two different ways. 这个意思可以有两种说法。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

25 formulate
v.用公式表示；规划；设计；系统地阐述
参考例句：
He took care to formulate his reply very clearly.他字斟句酌，清楚地做了回答。 I was impressed by the way he could formulate his ideas.他陈述观点的方式让我印象深刻。

26 awareness
n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智
参考例句：
There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。 Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

27 assessment
n.评价；评估；对财产的估价，被估定的金额
参考例句：
This is a very perceptive assessment of the situation.这是一个对该情况的极富洞察力的评价。 What is your assessment of the situation?你对时局的看法如何？

28 inquiry
n.打听，询问，调查，查问
参考例句：
Many parents have been pressing for an inquiry into the problem.许多家长迫切要求调查这个问题。 The field of inquiry has narrowed down to five persons.调查的范围已经缩小到只剩5个人了。

29 actively
adv.积极地，勤奋地
参考例句：
During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。 We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

30 unemployed
adj.失业的，没有工作的；未动用的，闲置的
参考例句：
There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。 The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。

31 specialized
adj.专门的，专业化的
参考例句：
There are many specialized agencies in the United Nations.联合国有许多专门机构。 These tools are very specialized.这些是专用工具。

32 fixed
adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的
参考例句：
Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？ Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

33 ethnic
adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的
参考例句：
This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。 The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

34 exempts
使免除[豁免]( exempt的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
This privilege, however, exempts only predecisional documents. 然而，此特权只免除那些文件在作出决定之前的披露责任。 Function effectiveness: After then special-purpose, exempts the flushing formula. 功能效用：便后专用，免冲洗配方。

35 labor
n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦
参考例句：
We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。 He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

36 registration
n.登记，注册，挂号
参考例句：
Marriage without registration is not recognized by law.法律不承认未登记的婚姻。 What's your registration number?你挂的是几号？

37 compliance
n.顺从；服从；附和；屈从
参考例句：
I was surprised by his compliance with these terms.我对他竟然依从了这些条件而感到吃惊。 She gave up the idea in compliance with his desire.她顺从他的愿望而放弃自己的主意。

38 specified
adj.特定的
参考例句：
The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。 It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。

39 expertise
n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长
参考例句：
We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。 You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

40 equity
n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票
参考例句：
They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。 To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。

41 joint
adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合
参考例句：
I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。 We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

42 formulates
v.构想出( formulate的第三人称单数 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示
参考例句：
Article Eleven SEPA formulates the overall plans of the training. 第十一条环保总局统筹规划培训工作。来自互联网 This paper carries on the experimental analysis and formulates some anti-disturbance measures. 文章对电磁干扰进行了实验分析，并有针对性地制定一些抗干扰措施。来自互联网

43 transformation
n.变化；改造；转变
参考例句：
Going to college brought about a dramatic transformation in her outlook.上大学使她的观念发生了巨大的变化。 He was struggling to make the transformation from single man to responsible husband.他正在努力使自己由单身汉变为可靠的丈夫。

44 marketing
n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西
参考例句：
They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。 He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。

45 merge
v.(使)结合，(使)合并，(使)合为一体
参考例句：
I can merge my two small businesses into a large one.我可以将我的两家小商店合并为一家大商行。 The directors have decided to merge the two small firms together.董事们已决定把这两家小商号归并起来。

46 optimize
v.使优化 [=optimise]
参考例句：
We should optimize the composition of the Standing Committees.优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。 We should optimize our import mix and focus on bringing in advanced technology and key equipment.优化进口结构，着重引进先进技术和关键设备。

47 stimulate
vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋
参考例句：
Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。 Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

48 qualified
adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的
参考例句：
He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。 We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。

49 sectors
n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形
参考例句：
Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。来自《简明英汉词典》 Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

50 autonomous
adj.自治的；独立的
参考例句：
They proudly declared themselves part of a new autonomous province.他们自豪地宣布成为新自治省的一部分。 This is a matter that comes within the jurisdiction of the autonomous region.这件事是属于自治区权限以内的事务。

上一篇：深圳市行政事业性收费管理若干规定 Several Rules of The Shenzh 下一篇：中国人民银行信托投资公司资金信托管理暂行办法 Provisional Rul