中华人民共和国刑法(修正)(三)
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-05-22 03:03 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Part Two Specific Provisions

  Chapter I Crimes of Endangering the State Security

  Article 102 Whoever colludes with a foreign state in jeopardizing1 the sovereignty, territorial2 integrity and security of the People's Republic of China shall be sentenced to life imprisonment3 or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years.

  Whoever colludes with an agency or organization or individual outside China and commits the crime stipulated4 in the preceding paragraph shall be punished according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

  Article 103 Ringleaders who organize, scheme for or carry out dismembering the state and undermining the unification of the state and those whose crimes are severe shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years. Active participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years. Other participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention5, public surveillance or deprivation6 of political rights.

  Whoever incites7 dismembering the state and undermining the unification of the state shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights. Ringleaders or those whose crimes are severe shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

  Article 104 Ringleaders who organize, scheme for or carry out armed rebellion or armed riot and those whose crimes are severe shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years. Active participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years. Other participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

  Whoever instigates8, forces, lures9, or bribes10 a state functionary11 or a member of the armed forces, the people's police or the people's militia12 to conduct armed rebellion or armed riot shall be given a heavier punishment according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

  Article 105 Ringleaders who organize, scheme for or carry out subverting13 the state's political power and overthrowing14 the socialist15 system and those whose crimes are severe shall be sentenced to life imprisonment or fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years. Active participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years. Other participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

  Whoever incites subverting the state's political power and overthrowing the socialist system through starting a rumour16 or slander17 or by other means shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights. Ringleaders or those whose crimes are severe shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

  Article 106 Whoever colludes with an agency or organization or individual outside China and carries out any crime stipulated in the provisions of Article 103, Article 104 or Article 105 in this Chapter shall be given a heavier punishment according to the provisions of relevant Article.

  Article 107 Person(s) who directly bear the responsibility of an agency or organization or individual within or outside China shall, if the agency or organization or individual subsidizes an organization or individual within China in carrying out a crime stipulated in Article 102, Article 103, Article 104 or Article 105 in this Chapter, be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights; if the circumstances are serious, the offender18 shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

  Article 108 Whoever defects to the enemy and turns traitor19 shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less three years and not more than ten years; if the circumstances are serious or the case concerns the leading of members of the armed forces, the people's police or the people's militia to defect to the enemy and turn traitor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment.

  Article 109 A state functionary who, during the time when he is on duty, leaves his post and flees the country and turns traitor, or flees and turns traitor outside China, and endangers the state's security of the People's Republic of China, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights; if the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years.

  A state functionary who holds state secrets and commits the crime stipulated in the preceding paragraph shall be given a heavier punishment according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

  Article 110 Whoever conducts any of the following acts of espionage20 and endangers the state's security shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment or life imprisonment; if the circumstances are relatively21 minor22, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years:

  (1) joining a espionage organization or accepting tasks from a espionage organization and its agent; and

  (2) directing the enemy to any bombing or shelling target.

  Article 111 Whoever steals, spies on, buys or illegally provides state secrets or intelligence for an agency or organization or people outside China shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years; if the circumstances are especially serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, criminal detention, public surveillance or deprivation of political rights.

  Article 112 Whoever supplies arms, equipment or military materials to aid the enemy during wartime shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years.

  Article 113 If any crime of endangering the state security mentioned above in this Chapter, except those mentioned in the second paragraph of Articles 103, Article 105, Article 107 and Article 109, causes especially serious harm to the state and the people and the circumstances are especially flagrant, the death penalty may be imposed.

  Whoever commits any of the crimes mentioned in this Chapter may concurrently23 be sentenced to confiscation24 of property.

  Chapter II Crimes of Endangering Public Security

  Article 114 Whoever sets fires, breaches25 dikes, causes explosions, spreads poisons or uses other dangerous means to sabotage26 factories, mines, oilfields, harbours, rivers, water sources, warehouses27dwellings28, forests, farms, threshing grounds, pastures, important pipelines29, public buildings or other public or private property and thereby30 endangers public security, if serious consequences have not yet resulted, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years.

  Article 115 Whoever sets fires, breaches dikes, causes explosions, spreads poisons or uses other dangerous techniques resulting in serious human injury or death or great loss of public or private property shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death.

  Whoever negligently31 commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

  Article 116 Whoever sabotages32 trains, motor vehicles, trams, ships or aircraft in a manner that is sufficient to put trains, motor vehicles, trams, ships or aircraft in danger of overturning or being destroyed, if serious consequences have not yet resulted, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years.

  Article 117 Whoever sabotages railroads, bridges, tunnels, highways, airports, waterways, lighthouses or signs or conducts other damaging activities in a manner that is sufficient to put trains, motor vehicles, trams, ships or aircraft in danger of overturning or being destroyed, if serious consequences have not yet resulted, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years.

  Article 118 Whoever sabotages electric power or gas facilities or other inflammable or explosive equipment and thereby endangers public security, if serious consequences have not yet resulted, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years.

  Article 119 Whoever sabotages a means of transport, transportation facilities, electric power facilities, gas facilities, or inflammable or explosive equipment and thereby causes serious consequences shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death.

  Whoever negligently commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

  Article 120 Whoever organizes, leads and actively33 participates in terroristic organization shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years. Other participants shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

  Whoever commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph and concurrently commits homicide, causing explosion, kidnapping or other crimes shall be punished according to the provisions of combined punishment for several crimes.

  Article 121 Whoever hijacks34 any aircraft by means of violence, intimidation35 or in any other manner shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment. Any hijacker36 who causes serious bodily injury to or death of any other person, or serious damage to the aircraft, shall be sentenced to death.

  Article 122 Whoever hijacks any ship or motor vehicle by means of violence, intimidation or in any other manner shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years; If serious consequences have been caused, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment.

  Article 123 Whoever exercises violence to any person in a aircraft in flight and endangers the safety of flight, if serious consequences have not yet resulted, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; the offender who causes serious consequences shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years.

  Article 124 Whoever sabotages broadcast and television facilities or public telecommunications facilities and thereby endangers public security shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years; if serious consequences have resulted, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years.

  Whoever negligently commits the crime mentioned in the preceding paragraph shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years; if the circumstances are relatively minor, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

  Article 125 Whoever illegally manufactures, trades in, transports, posts or stores guns, ammunition37 or explosives shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years; If the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death.

  Whoever illegally trades in or transports nuclear materials shall be punished according to provisions of the preceding paragraph.

  Any unit which commits a crime mentioned in the preceding two paragraphs shall be sentenced to a fine, and concurrently persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for the crime of the unit shall be punished according to the provisions of the first paragraph.

  Article 126 If an enterprise engaged in manufacturing or selling of guns which is designated or defined according to law violates regulations on management of guns and commits any of the following acts, it shall be sentenced to a fine, and concurrently persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for the crimes shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years; if the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years; if the circumstances are especially serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment:

  (1) manufacturing or assigning and selling guns exceeding the limit or not according to the limit for the purpose of illegal sale;

  (2) manufacturing guns without numbers or with same number or false number for the purpose of illegal sale; and

  (3) illegally selling guns or selling the guns for export in China.

  Article 127 Whoever steals or forcibly seizes guns, ammunition or explosives shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years; if the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death.

  Whoever robs guns, ammunition or explosives, or steals or forcibly seizes the guns, ammunition or explosives of state organs, members of the armed forces, the police or the people's militia shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death.

  Article 128 Whoever, in violation38 of regulations on control of guns, holds illegally or keeps in secret guns or ammunition shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance; if the circumstances are serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years.

  If a person who is allocated39 a gun for public service according to law illegally leases or lends his gun, he shall be punished according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

  If a person who is allocated a gun according to law illegally leases or lends his gun and causes serious consequences, he shall be punished according to the provisions of the first paragraph.

  Any unit which commits any crime mentioned in the first or second paragraph shall be sentenced to a fine, and concurrently persons directly in charge and persons directly responsible for the crime shall be punished according to the provisions of the first paragraph.

  Article 129 If a person who is allocated a gun for public service loses his gun and fails to report and thereby causes serious consequences, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention.

  Article 130 Whoever illegally carries guns, ammunition, knives under control or explosive, inflammable, radioactive, poisonous or corrosive40 materials, and enters into public places or public transportation means, and endangers public security with serious circumstances, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention or public surveillance.

  Article 131 If an airman violates the rules and regulations and thereby causes a serious flight accident resulting in serious consequences, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if crash of an aircraft or injury or death has resulted, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years.

  Article 132 If a person who works in a railway enterprise violates the rules and regulations and thereby causes a railway transportation accident resulting in serious consequences, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if especially serious consequences have resulted, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years.

  Article 133 Whoever violates the regulations on control of communications or transportation and thereby causes a serious accident resulting in serious bodily injury or death or serious losses to public or private property, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the offender flees after causing a communication or transportation accident or has other especially flagrant circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years; if his fleeing causes another person's death, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years.

  Article 134 If any staff member or worker of a factory, mine, forestry41 centre, construction enterprise or other enterprise or institution disobeys management and violates the rules and regulations or forces workers to work in a hazardous42 way in violation of the rules and thereby causes a serious accident involving injury or death or other serious consequences, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially flagrant, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years.

  Article 135 If a factory, mine, forestry centre, construction enterprise or other enterprise or institution whose labour safety facilities do not conform to the state's stipulations fails to take measures to hidden peril43 of the accident after relevant departments, or staff members or workers of relevant units put forward a demand, and thereby causes a serious accident involving injury or death or other serious consequences, persons directly in charge shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially flagrant, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years.

  Article 136 If anyone violates the regulations on the control of explosive, inflammable, radioactive, poisonous or corrosive materials and thereby causes a serious accident during the production, storage, transportation or use of those materials, and serious consequences result, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the consequences are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years.

  Article 137 If a building unit, design unit, construction unit or project supervision44 unit violates the state's stipulations and lowers the project's quality standard and thereby causes a serious accident, persons directly responsible for it shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention, and concurrently to a fine; if the consequences are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years, and concurrently to a fine.

  Article 138 If it is clearly known that schoolhouses or facilities for education or schooling45 are in danger but no measures are taken or no reports are conducted in time thereby causing a serious accident involving injury or death, persons directly responsible for it shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the circumstances are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years.

  Article 139 If any person or unit violates regulations on fire control and refuses to take remedy measures after a fire control supervision organ told him or it to do so, and thereby causes serious consequences, persons directly responsible for them shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention; if the consequences are especially serious, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years.

  Chapter III Crimes of Undermining the Socialist Market Economic Order

  Section 1 Crimes of Production and Sale of Fake or Substandard Commodities

  Article 140 Where a producer or seller mixes impurities46 or imitations into a product, or passes a fake product off as a genuine one, or passes a defective47 product off as a high-quality one, or passes a substandard product off as a standard one, if the sum obtained through sale amounts to not less than 50,000 yuan but less than 200,000 yuan, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than two years or criminal detention, and concurrently or independently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that. If the sum obtained through sale amounts to not less than 200,000 yuan but less than 500,000 yuan, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than two years and not more than seven years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that. If the sum obtained through sale amounts to not less than 500,000 yuan but less than 2,000,000 yuan, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that. If the sum obtained through sale amounts to not less than 2,000,000 yuan, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of fifteen years or life imprisonment, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that or confiscation of property.

  Article 141 Whoever produces or sells fake medicine in a manner that is sufficient to cause serious harm to human health shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more three years or criminal detention, and concurrently or independently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that; if the offence causes serious harm to human health, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that; if the offence causes death of a person or any other especially serious harm to human health, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years, life imprisonment or death, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that or confiscation of property.

  “Fake medicine” mentioned in this Article refers to a medicine or a non-medical substance to be categorized as or handled as fake medicine in accordance with the provisions of the Pharmaceutical48 Administration Law of the People's Republic of China.

  Article 142 Whoever produces or sells medicine of inferior quality and causes serious harm to human health shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than ten years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that. If the consequences are especially serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that or confiscation of property.

  “Medicine of inferior quality” mentioned in this Article refers to a medicine to be categorized as a medicine of inferior quality in accordance with the provisions of the Pharmaceutical Administration Law of the People's Republic of China.

  Article 143 Whoever produces or sells food that does not conform to hygiene49 standards in a manner that is sufficient to cause a serious food-poisoning accident or any serious disease caused by food-borne bacteria shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and concurrently or independently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that. If the offence causes serious harm to human health, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that. If the consequences are especially serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years or life imprisonment, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that or confiscation of property.

  Article 144 Whoever mixes the food to be produced or sold with toxic50 or harmful non-food stuffs, or sells the food mixed with toxic or harmful non-food stuffs that he knows clearly, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention, and concurrently or independently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of that sum. If the offence causes a serious food-poisoning accident or any serious disease caused by food-borne bacteria, thus seriously harming human health, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum. If the offence causes death to a person or especially serious harm to human health, the offender shall be punished according to the provisions of Article 141 of this Law.

  Article 145 Whoever produces medical appliances or medical hygiene materials that do not conform to the national or trade standards safeguarding human health, or sells such appliances or materials while clearly knowing their inconformity to the national or trade standards safeguarding human health, and thereby causes serious harm to human health, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum. If the consequences are especially serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years and not more than ten years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum; the offender whose circumstances are especially flagrant shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than ten years or life imprisonment, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum or confiscation of property.

  Article 146 Whoever produces electrical appliances, pressure containers, explosive or inflammable products or any other products that do not conform to the national or trade standards safeguarding the safety of person or property, or sells such products while clearly knowing their inconformity to the national or trade standards safeguarding the safety of person or property, thereby causing serious consequences, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum. If the consequences are especially serious, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum.

  Article 147 Whoever produces fake pesticides51, fake animal pharmaceuticals52 or fake chemical fertilizers, or sells pesticides, animal pharmaceuticals, chemical fertilizers or seeds while clearly knowing that such products are fake or no longer effective, or any producer or seller passes substandard pesticides, animal pharmaceuticals, chemical fertilizers or seeds off as those up to standard and thereby causes considerable losses to production, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and concurrently or independently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum. If the offence causes serious losses to production, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than three years and not more than seven years, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum. If the offence causes especially serious losses to production, the offender shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than seven years or life imprisonment, and concurrently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum or confiscation of property.

  Article 148 Whoever produces cosmetics53 that do not conform to hygiene standards or sells such products while clearly knowing their inconformity to hygiene standards and thereby causes serious consequences shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years or criminal detention, and concurrently or independently be sentenced to a fine of not less than half of the sum obtained through sale and not more than twice of the sum.

  Article 149 Whoever produces or sells the products mentioned in from Article 141 to Article 148 of this Section and does not yet constitute a crime mentioned in any of the Articles, and with the sum obtained through sale amounting to 50,000 yuan, shall be decided54 a crime and given a punishment according to the provisions of Article 140 of this Section.

  Whoever produces or sells the products mentioned in from Article 141 to Article 148 of this Section and constitutes a crime mentioned in one of the Articles, and in the meantime also constitutes a crime mentioned in Article 140 of this Section, shall be decided a crime and given a punishment according to the Article with a heavier punishment.

  Article 150 If a unit commits a crime mentioned in from Article 140 to Article 148 of this Section, the unit shall be sentenced to a fine, and persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for the crime shall be punished according to the provisions of a relevant Article.



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 jeopardizing 6ec88fcb3085928bbf8588a5c3ba3e65     
危及,损害( jeopardize的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • Plans may also become inefficient in the attainment of objectives by jeopardizing group satisfactions. 用危及群体利益方法去达到目标的计划,也是无效率的。
  • That boosted government revenues in the short term, but is now jeopardizing them. Morales将天然气工业,电信业和部分采矿业收归国有的举措吓跑了投资者们。
2 territorial LImz4     
adj.领土的,领地的
参考例句:
  • The country is fighting to preserve its territorial integrity.该国在为保持领土的完整而进行斗争。
  • They were not allowed to fish in our territorial waters.不允许他们在我国领海捕鱼。
3 imprisonment I9Uxk     
n.关押,监禁,坐牢
参考例句:
  • His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
  • He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。
4 stipulated 5203a115be4ee8baf068f04729d1e207     
vt.& vi.规定;约定adj.[法]合同规定的
参考例句:
  • A delivery date is stipulated in the contract. 合同中规定了交货日期。
  • Yes, I think that's what we stipulated. 对呀,我想那是我们所订定的。 来自辞典例句
5 detention 1vhxk     
n.滞留,停留;拘留,扣留;(教育)留下
参考例句:
  • He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
  • He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。
6 deprivation e9Uy7     
n.匮乏;丧失;夺去,贫困
参考例句:
  • Many studies make it clear that sleep deprivation is dangerous.多实验都证实了睡眠被剥夺是危险的。
  • Missing the holiday was a great deprivation.错过假日是极大的损失。
7 incites 68eca287329b28545dbd9d6a3cf30705     
刺激,激励,煽动( incite的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • In all countries any person who incites others to insurrection is guilty of treason. 在任何国家里,煽动他人谋反者,都属犯叛国罪。
  • The success of the handicapped man incites us to pursue our dreams. 这位残疾人的成功激励我们追求自己的梦想。
8 instigates 1a109119e90c70c298d17b70f6bf2615     
n.使(某事物)开始或发生,鼓动( instigate的名词复数 )v.使(某事物)开始或发生,鼓动( instigate的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • He always instigates the boy to do evil. 他总是鼓动那孩子做坏事。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
  • Instigates a collective leave-taking movement which affects the normal operation of the Company. 煽惑或鼓动集体休假而影响本公司正常运作者。 来自互联网
9 lures 43e770a1168e7235f5138d9f36ecd3b5     
吸引力,魅力(lure的复数形式)
参考例句:
  • He left home because of the lures of life in the city. 他离家是由于都市生活的诱惑。
  • Perhaps it is the desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery that lures men down to the depths of the earth. 可能正是寻觅幽静的去处,或者找个猎奇的机会的欲望引诱着人们进入地球的深处。
10 bribes f3132f875c572eefabf4271b3ea7b2ca     
n.贿赂( bribe的名词复数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂v.贿赂( bribe的第三人称单数 );向(某人)行贿,贿赂
参考例句:
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • corrupt officials accepting bribes 接受贿赂的贪官污吏
11 functionary 1hLx9     
n.官员;公职人员
参考例句:
  • No functionary may support or cover up unfair competition acts.国家官员不得支持、包庇不正当竞争行为。
  • " Emigrant," said the functionary,"I am going to send you on to Paris,under an escort."“ 外逃分子,”那官员说,“我要把你送到巴黎去,还派人护送。”
12 militia 375zN     
n.民兵,民兵组织
参考例句:
  • First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面,其次是民兵。
  • There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。
13 subverting 7d170a8a070fe3d4113b3639b8fd7eba     
v.颠覆,破坏(政治制度、宗教信仰等)( subvert的现在分词 );使(某人)道德败坏或不忠
参考例句:
  • This viewpoint sees the Multinational Corporation as capable of circumventing or subverting national objectives and policies. 这种观点认为,跨国公司能够遏制和破坏国家的目标和政策。 来自辞典例句
  • By simply subverting an expectation, a novelist can undermine a prejudice. 藉由完全推翻期待,一个小说家可以逐渐破坏一种歧视。 来自互联网
14 overthrowing e8784bd53afd207408e5cfabc4d2e9be     
v.打倒,推翻( overthrow的现在分词 );使终止
参考例句:
  • They succeeded in overthrowing the fascist dictatorship. 他们成功推翻了法西斯独裁统治。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I always delight in overthrowing those kinds of schemes. 我一向喜欢戳穿人家的诡计。 来自辞典例句
15 socialist jwcws     
n.社会主义者;adj.社会主义的
参考例句:
  • China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家,也是一个发展中国家。
  • His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。
16 rumour 1SYzZ     
n.谣言,谣传,传闻
参考例句:
  • I should like to know who put that rumour about.我想知道是谁散布了那谣言。
  • There has been a rumour mill on him for years.几年来,一直有谣言产生,对他进行中伤。
17 slander 7ESzF     
n./v.诽谤,污蔑
参考例句:
  • The article is a slander on ordinary working people.那篇文章是对普通劳动大众的诋毁。
  • He threatened to go public with the slander.他威胁要把丑闻宣扬出去。
18 offender ZmYzse     
n.冒犯者,违反者,犯罪者
参考例句:
  • They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。
  • The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。
19 traitor GqByW     
n.叛徒,卖国贼
参考例句:
  • The traitor was finally found out and put in prison.那个卖国贼终于被人发现并被监禁了起来。
  • He was sold out by a traitor and arrested.他被叛徒出卖而被捕了。
20 espionage uiqzd     
n.间谍行为,谍报活动
参考例句:
  • The authorities have arrested several people suspected of espionage.官方已经逮捕了几个涉嫌从事间谍活动的人。
  • Neither was there any hint of espionage in Hanley's early life.汉利的早期生活也毫无进行间谍活动的迹象。
21 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
22 minor e7fzR     
adj.较小(少)的,较次要的;n.辅修学科;vi.辅修
参考例句:
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
23 concurrently 7a0b4be5325a98c61c407bef16b74293     
adv.同时地
参考例句:
  • He was given two twelve month sentences to run concurrently. 他两罪均判12个月监禁,同期执行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁,同期执行。 来自辞典例句
24 confiscation confiscation     
n. 没收, 充公, 征收
参考例句:
  • Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. 没收一切流亡分子和叛乱分子的财产。 来自英汉非文学 - 共产党宣言
  • Confiscation of smuggled property is part of the penalty for certain offences. 没收走私财产是对某些犯罪予以惩罚的一部分。
25 breaches f7e9a03d0b1fa3eeb94ac8e8ffbb509a     
破坏( breach的名词复数 ); 破裂; 缺口; 违背
参考例句:
  • He imposed heavy penalties for breaches of oath or pledges. 他对违反誓言和保证的行为给予严厉的惩罚。
  • This renders all breaches of morality before marriage very uncommon. 这样一来,婚前败坏道德的事就少见了。
26 sabotage 3Tmzz     
n.怠工,破坏活动,破坏;v.从事破坏活动,妨害,破坏
参考例句:
  • They tried to sabotage my birthday party.他们企图破坏我的生日晚会。
  • The fire at the factory was caused by sabotage.那家工厂的火灾是有人蓄意破坏引起的。
27 warehouses 544959798565126142ca2820b4f56271     
仓库,货栈( warehouse的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The whisky was taken to bonded warehouses at Port Dundee. 威士忌酒已送到邓迪港的保稅仓库。
  • Row upon row of newly built warehouses line the waterfront. 江岸新建的仓库鳞次栉比。
28 dwellings aa496e58d8528ad0edee827cf0b9b095     
n.住处,处所( dwelling的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • The development will consist of 66 dwellings and a number of offices. 新建楼区将由66栋住房和一些办公用房组成。
  • The hovels which passed for dwellings are being pulled down. 过去用作住室的陋屋正在被拆除。 来自《简明英汉词典》
29 pipelines 2bee8f0b9bb303b1f1a466fd43666db3     
管道( pipeline的名词复数 ); 输油管道; 在考虑(或规划、准备) 中; 在酿中
参考例句:
  • The oil is carried to the oil refinery by pipelines. 石油通过输油管输送到炼油厂。
  • The oil carried in pipelines. 石油用管道输送。
30 thereby Sokwv     
adv.因此,从而
参考例句:
  • I have never been to that city,,ereby I don't know much about it.我从未去过那座城市,因此对它不怎么熟悉。
  • He became a British citizen,thereby gaining the right to vote.他成了英国公民,因而得到了投票权。
31 negligently 0358f2a07277b3ca1e42472707f7edb4     
参考例句:
  • Losses caused intentionally or negligently by the lessee shall be borne by the lessee. 如因承租人的故意或过失造成损失的,由承租人负担。 来自经济法规部分
  • Did the other person act negligently? 他人的行为是否有过失? 来自口语例句
32 sabotages ae85dff2475bd665b37babb1e4bd42d3     
阴谋破坏(某事物)( sabotage的第三人称单数 )
参考例句:
  • The plastic sheeting used in farmland extremely pollutes and sabotages the soil environment. 农田塑料薄膜(地膜)污染对土壤环境危害很大,覆膜灌溉技术可能会增加其复杂性。
33 actively lzezni     
adv.积极地,勤奋地
参考例句:
  • During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
  • We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。
34 hijacks 678bf5894e05ba78937af53c72ee0477     
劫持( hijack的名词复数 ); 绑架; 拦路抢劫; 操纵(会议等,以推销自己的意图)
参考例句:
  • Just as life infiltrates matter mercilessly and then hijacks it forever, cultural life hijacks biology. 正如生命无情地浸入物质并永远地将其劫持,文化生命也劫持了生物界。
35 intimidation Yq2zKi     
n.恐吓,威胁
参考例句:
  • The Opposition alleged voter intimidation by the army.反对党声称投票者受到军方的恐吓。
  • The gang silenced witnesses by intimidation.恶帮用恐吓的手段使得证人不敢说话。
36 hijacker e96f7159e7d0b88395f25a696ab96c4a     
n.拦路抢劫者
参考例句:
  • We needed a credibIe hijacker who knew the pIane. 也需要一个懂飞机的让人相信的劫机犯。
  • I've never heard of a hijacker Ietting passengers deboard before. 以前也从没听说过有劫机犯让乘客离开。
37 ammunition GwVzz     
n.军火,弹药
参考例句:
  • A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。
  • They have expended all their ammunition.他们把弹药用光。
38 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为),违背(行为),侵犯
参考例句:
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说,那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
39 allocated 01868918c8cec5bc8773e98ae11a0f54     
adj. 分配的 动词allocate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句:
  • The Ford Foundation allocated millions of dollars for cancer research. 福特基金会拨款数百万美元用于癌症研究。
  • More funds will now be allocated to charitable organizations. 现在会拨更多的资金给慈善组织。
40 corrosive wzsxn     
adj.腐蚀性的;有害的;恶毒的
参考例句:
  • Many highly corrosive substances are used in the nuclear industry.核工业使用许多腐蚀性很强的物质。
  • Many highly corrosive substances are used in the nuclear industry.核工业使用许多腐蚀性很强的物质。
41 forestry 8iBxk     
n.森林学;林业
参考例句:
  • At present, the Chinese forestry is being at a significant transforming period. 当前, 我国的林业正处于一个重大的转折时期。
  • Anhua is one of the key forestry counties in Hunan province. 安化县是湖南省重点林区县之一。
42 hazardous Iddxz     
adj.(有)危险的,冒险的;碰运气的
参考例句:
  • These conditions are very hazardous for shipping.这些情况对航海非常不利。
  • Everybody said that it was a hazardous investment.大家都说那是一次危险的投资。
43 peril l3Dz6     
n.(严重的)危险;危险的事物
参考例句:
  • The refugees were in peril of death from hunger.难民有饿死的危险。
  • The embankment is in great peril.河堤岌岌可危。
44 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督,管理
参考例句:
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
45 schooling AjAzM6     
n.教育;正规学校教育
参考例句:
  • A child's access to schooling varies greatly from area to area.孩子获得学校教育的机会因地区不同而大相径庭。
  • Backward children need a special kind of schooling.天赋差的孩子需要特殊的教育。
46 impurities 2626a6dbfe6f229f6e1c36f702812675     
不纯( impurity的名词复数 ); 不洁; 淫秽; 杂质
参考例句:
  • A filter will remove most impurities found in water. 过滤器会滤掉水中的大部分杂质。
  • Oil is refined to remove naturally occurring impurities. 油经过提炼去除天然存在的杂质。
47 defective qnLzZ     
adj.有毛病的,有问题的,有瑕疵的
参考例句:
  • The firm had received bad publicity over a defective product. 该公司因为一件次品而受到媒体攻击。
  • If the goods prove defective, the customer has the right to compensation. 如果货品证明有缺陷, 顾客有权索赔。
48 pharmaceutical f30zR     
adj.药学的,药物的;药用的,药剂师的
参考例句:
  • She has donated money to establish a pharmaceutical laboratory.她捐款成立了一个药剂实验室。
  • We are engaged in a legal tussle with a large pharmaceutical company.我们正同一家大制药公司闹法律纠纷。
49 hygiene Kchzr     
n.健康法,卫生学 (a.hygienic)
参考例句:
  • Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
  • He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。
50 toxic inSwc     
adj.有毒的,因中毒引起的
参考例句:
  • The factory had accidentally released a quantity of toxic waste into the sea.这家工厂意外泄漏大量有毒废物到海中。
  • There is a risk that toxic chemicals might be blasted into the atmosphere.爆炸后有毒化学物质可能会进入大气层。
51 pesticides abb0488ed6905584ea91347395a890e8     
n.杀虫剂( pesticide的名词复数 );除害药物
参考例句:
  • vegetables grown without the use of pesticides 未用杀虫剂种植的蔬菜
  • There is a lot of concern over the amount of herbicides and pesticides used in farming. 人们对农业上灭草剂和杀虫剂的用量非常担忧。 来自《简明英汉词典》
52 pharmaceuticals be065c8a4af3a2d925d11969faac34cf     
n.医药品;药物( pharmaceutical的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • the development of new pharmaceuticals 新药的开发
  • The companies are pouring trillions of yen into biotechnology research,especially for pharmaceuticals and new seeds. 这些公司将大量资金投入生物工艺学研究,尤其是药品和新种子方面。 来自《简明英汉词典》
53 cosmetics 5v8zdX     
n.化妆品
参考例句:
  • We sell a wide range of cosmetics at a very reasonable price. 我们以公道的价格出售各种化妆品。
  • Cosmetics do not always cover up the deficiencies of nature. 化妆品未能掩饰天生的缺陷。
54 decided lvqzZd     
adj.决定了的,坚决的;明显的,明确的
参考例句:
  • This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
  • There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。
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