PROSTITUTION. The common lewdness¹ of a woman for gain.

2. In all well regulated communities this has been considered a heinous² offence, for which the woman may be punished, and the keeper of a house of prostitution may be indicted³ for keeping a common nuisance.

3. So much does the law abhor⁴ this offence, that a landlord cannot recover for the use and occupation of a house let for the purpose of prostitution. 1 Esp. Cas. 13; 1 Bos. & Pull. 340, n.

4. In a figurative sense, it signifies the bad use which a corrupt⁵ judge makes of the law, by making it subservient⁶ to his interest; as, the prostitution of the law, the prostitution of justice.

PROTECTION, merc. law, The name of a document generally given by notaries⁷ public, to sailors and other persons going abroad, in which is certified⁸ that the bearer therein named, is a citizen of the United States.

PROTECTION, government. That benefit or safety which the government affords to the citizens.

PROTECTION, Eng. law. A privilege granted by the king to a party to an action, by which he is protected from a judgment⁹ which would otherwise be rendered against him. Of these protections there are several kinds. F. N. B. 65.

PROTEST, mar¹⁰. law. A writing, attested¹¹ by a justice of the peace or a consul¹², drawn¹³ by the master of a vessel¹⁴, stating the severity of a voyage by which a ship has suffered, and showing it was not owing to the neglect or misconduct of the master. Vide Marsh¹⁵. Ins. 715, 716. See 1 Wash. C. R. 145; Id. 238; Id. 408, n.; 1 Pet. C. R. 119; 1 Dall. 6; Id. 10; Id. 317; 2 Dall. 195; 3 Watts¹⁶ & Serg. 144; 3 Binn. 228, n.; 1 Yeates, 261.

PROTEST, legislation. A declaration made by one or more members of a legis lative body that they do not agree with some act or resolution of the body; it is usual to add the reasons which the protestants have for such a dissent¹⁷.

PROTEST, contracts. A notarial¹⁸ act, made for want of payment of a promissory note, or for want of acceptance or payment of a bill of exchange, by a notary¹⁹ public, in which it is declared that all parties to such instruments will be held responsible to the holder²⁰ for all damages, exchanges, reexchanges, &c.;

2. There are two kinds of protest, namely, protest for non-acceptance, and protest for non-payment. When a protest is made and notice of the non-payment or non-acceptance given to the parties in proper time, they will be held responsible. 3 Kent, Com. 63; Chit. on Bills, 278; 3 Pardes. n. 418 to 441; Merl. Repert. h. t.; COID. Dig. Merchant, F 8, 9, 10; Bac. Ab. Merchant, &c. M 7.

3. There is also a species of protest, common in England, which is called protest for better security. It may be made when a merchant who has accepted a bill becomes insolvent²¹, or is publicly reported to have failed in his credit, or absents himself from change, before the bill he has accepted becomes due, or when the holder has any just reason to suppose it will not be paid; and on demand the acceptor refuses to give it. Notice of such protest must, as in other cases, be sent by the first post. 1 Ld. Raym. 745; Mar. 27.

4. In making the protest, three things are to be done: the noting; demanding acceptance or payment or, as above, better security and drawing up the protest. 1. The noting, (q. v.) is unknown to the law as distinguished²² from the protest. 2. The demand, (q. v.) which must be made by a person having authority to receive the money. 3. The drawing up of the protest, which is a mere²³ matter of form. Vide Acceptance; Bills of Exchange.