TRADE MARKS. Signs, writings or tickets put upon manufactured goods, to distinguish them from others.

2. It seems at one time to have been thought that no man acquired a right in a particular mark or stamp. 2 Atk. 484. But it was afterwards considered that for one man to use as his own another's name or mark, would be a fraud for which an action would lie. 3 Dougl. 293; 3 B. & C. 541; 4 B. & Ad. 410. 1 court of equity¹ will restrain a party from, using the marks of another. Eden, Inj. 314l; 2 Keene, 213; 3 Mylne & C. 339.

3. The Monthly Law Magazine for December 1840, in an article copied into the American Jurist, vol. 25, p. 279, says, "The principle to be extracted, after an examination of these cases, appear to be the following: First, that the first producer or vendor² of any article gains no right of property in that article so as to prevent others from manufacturing, producing or vending³ it.

4. Secondly⁴, that although any other person may manufacture, produce, and sell any such article, yet he must not, in manner, either by using the same or similar marks, wrappers, labels, or devices, or colorable imitations thereof, or otherwise, hold out to the public that he is manufacturing, producing, or selling the identical article, prepared, manufactured, produced, or sold by the other; that is to say, he may not make use of the name or reputation of the other in order to sell his own preparation.

5. Thirdly, the right to use or restrain others from using any mark or name of a firm, is in the nature of goodwill⁵, and therefore goes to the surviving or continuing partner in such firm, and the personal representative of a deceased partner has an interest in it.

6. Fourthly, that courts of equity in these cases only act as auxiliary⁶ to the legal right, and to prevent injury, and give a relief by account, when damages at law would be inadequate⁷ to the injury received; and they will not interfere⁸ by injunction in the first instance, unless a good legal title is shown, and even then they never preclude⁹ the parties from trying the right at law, if desired.

7. Fifthly, if the legal title be so doubtful as not to induce the court to grant the injunction, yet it will put the parties in a position to try the legal right at law, notwithstanding the suit.

8. Sixthly, that before the party is entitled to relief in equity, he must truly represent his title, and the mode in which he became possessed¹⁰ of the article for the vending of which he claims protection; it being a clear rule of courts of equity not to extend their protection to persons whose case is not founded on truth."

9. In France the law regulates the rights of merchants and manu facturers as to their trade marks with great minuteness. Dall. Dict. mot Propriete Industrielle. See, generally, 4 Mann. & Gr. 357; B. & C. 541; 5 D. & R. 292; 2 Keen, 213; and Deceit.