The Olympic history before PRC foundation

1908年，有关奥运会的最早记载开始出现在中国。据史书记载，1922年中国外交官王正廷当选国际奥委会委员，那时的中国体育组织才得到国际奥委会的正式认可。然而中国正式派代表团参加奥运会却是在十年后的1932年，刘长春作为唯一的参赛选手参加了100米和200米预赛，虽然因成绩不佳而惨遭淘汰，却引起了世界对中国体育的关注。然而旧中国的贫困和后来国民政府的冷漠无能却让旧中国的奥运之路举步艰难，充满艰难险阻。

In 1908 the Olympic Games were first mentioned in a Chinese magazine. Already in 1922 Wang Zhengting became the first Chinese member of the IOC, in 1928 China delegated the first observer to the Games in Amsterdam. When rumours¹ spread in 1932 that the government of the Japanese puppet state Mandschuko had plans to participate in the Games in Los Angeles, a delegation² of five- one of them a participating athlete- was quickly put together. The Chinese sprinter³ Liu Changchun entered the 100m as well as the 200m run but could not qualify for the final runs.

China' participation⁴ in the 10th Olympic Games in 1932, though by only one athlete, aroused worldwide attention as had not been expected by the Chinese government. At the same time, it felt quite uneasy about the public opinion that the largest country should be represented by such a tiny number of participants. In 1935, or one year before the 11th Olympics, it appropriated nearly 200,000 yuan for preparations, choosing the best athletes and opening up a number of training classes. A delegation was organized, consisting of 69 competitors for athletics⁶, swimming, basketball, football, weightlifting, boxing and cycling; 39 observers and nine demonstrators of the traditional Chinese martial⁷ art of wushu. In addition, it was accompanied by 150 journalists and visitors to Berlin at their own expenses.

No Olympic Games were held for the 12th and 13th Olympiads because of the Second World War. In 1947, China started preparations for the 14th Olympic Games slated⁸ for the next year. Selective trials and intensive training were held for 10000m, 400m and marathon races, 400m hurdles⁹, 100m freestyle swimming, 1000m cycling, basketball and football, in the hope of tallying¹⁰ some points.

Nevertheless, the Kuomintang government was only lukewarm about participation in the Olympics, allotting¹¹ no more than US$25,000 for it, with a deficit¹² of US$70,000-80,000 to be collected by the delegation itself, which was thus placed in an awkward position.

On the other hand, the Chinese people and athletes in particular displayed much enthusiasm for the Olympics. Part of the needed funds were raised at home. To make up the balance, the basketball and football teams played 15 and 32 matches respectively to collect money from the gate during a four-month tour to Hong Kong, Saigon, Manila, Bangkok, Singapore, Rangoon and Calcutta, before they arrived in London in late July - just in time for the Olympic Games. To cut down expenses, the delegation brought the needed food with it, amounting to four tons for 48 persons.

The results in competitions were quite disappointing - without a single point to the delegation's credit. To do justice to the athletes, they had done their utmost. Take Lou Wen'ao for instance. He was a deaf-mute and took part in the 10000m and marathon races, during which he developed blisters¹³ all over his feet wearing a pair of ordinary shoes made of rubber soles and cloth uppers. The Chinese basketball team placed 18th among the 23 participating squads¹⁴. The Chinese cyclist, He Haohua, was second in the race but fell from his bike near the finish to dash his hopes for a silver.

What was most embarrassing for the Chinese delegation was that it had to borrow money all the way back home.

For all their poor athletic⁵ performances and hardships they met with, the Chinese Olympians would never forget the British people's goodwill¹⁵ and friendship towards them - as expressed in the children's hunt for their autographs, the Londoners' invitations to their homes, and the royal reception at Buckingham Palace - all betokening¹⁶ an international understanding so important for the establishment of a peaceful society after the Second World War, after the Olympics had stopped for 12 years.