Y
· 亚太经济合作组织 APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation)
· 亚洲金融危机 financial crisis in Asia
· 严打措施 "Strike-Hard"" drive "
· 严打斗争 "Strike-Hard Operation, campaign to crack down relentlessly¹⁶ on criminal activities"
· 沿海经济开发区 open coastal¹⁷ economic area
· 眼前利益服从长远利益,局部利益服从整体利益,个人和集体利益服从国家利益
subordinate immediate¹⁸ interests to long-term interests, partial interests to overall interests
and the interests of individuals and collectives to those of the state
· 言情小说 romantic fiction; sentimental¹⁹ novel
· 严以律己,宽以待人 be strict with oneself and lenient²⁰ towards others
· 阳春（最经济方式） no-frills
· 羊肉串小摊 barbecue stall
· 洋务运动 Westernization Movement
· 摇钱树 cash cow
· 摇头丸 dancing outreach
· 以产定人,减员增效 employ workers in accordance with production needs and
increase efficiency while reducing the staff
· 一次性筷子 throwaway chopsticks
· 一次性用品 disposable goods
· 一刀切 cut it even at one stroke--make it rigidly²¹ uniform; impose uniformity in all cases;
allow no flexibility²²
· 移动通讯 mobile communication
· 依法治国 manage state affairs according to law; run state affairs according to law
· 以法治国，以德治国 to govern the country with law and moral
· 一帆风顺 Wishing you every success
· 一方有难,八方支援 When disaster struck, help came from all sides.
· 一个中心,两个基本点 one central task, two basic points
· 以公有制为主体，多种经济成分共同发展 the pattern with the public sector²³ remaining
dominant²⁴ and diverse sectors²⁵ of the economy developing side by side
· 一国两制 "One country, two systems"
· 义和团运动 Boxer²⁶ Uprising
· 以经济建设为中心 focusing on the central task of economic construction
· 一揽子(计划) one-package (plan)
· 一切向钱看 money-oriented
· 以权谋私 abuse of power for personal gains
· 以人为本 people oriented; people foremost
· 以上海浦东开发开放为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市 open more cities along the Yangtze River,
while concentrating on the development and opening of the Pudong Area of Shanghai
· 一手抓物质文明，一手抓精神文明；一手抓经济建设，一手抓民主法制；一手抓改革开放，
一手抓打击犯罪惩治腐败 We must always work for material progress and at the same time for cultural
and ethical²⁷ progress; We should develop the economy and at the same time strengthen democracy
and the legal system; We should promote reform and opening to the outside world and at the same
time fight crime and punish corruption²⁸.
· 义演 benefit performance; charity performance
· 以眼还眼,以牙还牙 an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth
· 一言既出，驷马难追 A real man never goes back on his words.
· 以质量求生存、求发展、求效益 "strive for survival, development and efficiency on the basis of quality"
· 以质量求发展 strategy of development through quality; win the market with quality products
· 硬道理 "absolute principle, top priority"
· 英雄所见略同 Great minds think alike.
· 营养不良 malnutrition²⁹
· 有法可依,有法必依,执法必严,违法必究 There must be laws to go by, the laws must be observed
and strictly³⁰ enforced, and lawbreakers must be prosecuted³¹.
· 有个奔头 have something to look forward to; have somehthing to expect
· 忧患意识 awareness³² of unexpected development; being prepared for unexpected development;
being prepared for any eventualities
· 优化资源配置 optimize³³ the allocation of resources
· 优化组合 optimization³⁴ grouping; optional regrouping
· 有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律 "with lofty ideals, integrety, knowledge and a strong
sense of discipline"
· 有理,有利,有节 on just grounds, to one's advantage and with restraint； with good reason,
with advantage and with restraint
· 有钱能使鬼推磨 Money makes the mare³⁵ go. Money talks.
· 有情人终成眷属 "Jack³⁶ shall have Jill, all shall be well."
· 优胜劣汰 survival of the fittest
· 优势互补 (of two countries or companies) have complementary advantages
· 有识之士 people of vision
· 有缘千里来相会 Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.
· 有中国特色的社会主义道路 road of socialism with Chinese characteristics
· 有中国特色的社会主义民主政治 a socilalist democracy with Chinese characteristics
· 鹬蚌相争，渔人得利 "when the snip³⁷ and the calm grapple, it is the fisherman who stands to benefit;
? two dogs strive for a bone, and a third runs away with it"
· 预防为主,谁污染谁治理和强化环境管理三大政策 three major principles for environment control:
to put prevention first, to hold those who cause pollution responsible for cleaning up and to
improve environmental protection and management
· 与国际惯例接轨 become compatible with internationally accepted practices
· 与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market; become integrated into the global market
· 欲穷千里目，更上一层楼 "to ascend³⁸ another storey to see a thousand miles further;
Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles? Go up, one flight."
· 与时俱进 advance with the times
· 冤假错案 "cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced;
unjust, false or wrong cases"
· 冤家宜解不宜结 Better make friends than make enemies.
· 援藏干部 cadres sent to support/aid Tibet