计算机公司
ali: acer lab(宏棋实验室)
asf: applied¹ science fiction
amd: advanced micro device(超微半导体)
ami: american megatrends incorporated
ear(extreme audio reality)
hp: hewlett-packard，美国惠普公司
ibm: international business machine，国际商业机器
idg(international data group，国际数据集团)
ims: international meta system
mle：microsoft learning and entertainment，微软教学与娱乐公司
ms(microsoft，微软)
nai: network associates incorporation，前身为mcafee。
ns(national semiconductor²，国家半导体)
pmi: pacific magtron international
sce(sony computer entertainment，索尼计算机娱乐部)
sgi：silicon graphics⁴
sis: silicon³ integrated systems，硅片综合系统公司
umc(united microelectronics corporation，台湾联华电子公司，半导体制造商)
wd(western digital，西部数据)
zd(ziff-davis出版公司)

组织
cbf: cable broadband forum⁵，电缆宽带论坛
cema(consumer electronics manufacturing association(消费者电子制造业协会)
cpe: customer premise⁶ equipment(用户预定设备)
csa: canadian standards association(加拿大标准协会)
dca: defense⁷ communication agency，国防部通信局
doj: department of justice(反不正当竞争部门)
dsp: delivery service partner(交付服务合伙人)
dvb：digital video broadcasting，数字视频广播
e3：electronic entertainment expo，电子娱乐展览会
eff: electronic frontier foundation(电子前线基金会)
epa(environmental protection agency，美国环境保护局)
fcc: federal communications commission(联邦通信委员会)
ftc: federal trade commission，联邦商业委员会
gdc(game developer conference，游戏发展商会议)
isscc(international solid-state circuits conference，国际晶体管电路讨论会)
icsa: international computer security association(国际计算机安全协会),它的前身为ncsa(national computer security association,国家计算机安全协会)
ieee(institute of electrical and electronics engineers，电子电路工程师协会)
ifwp: international forum white paper，国际白皮书论坛
iso/mpeg: international standard organization's moving picture expert group(国际标准化组织的活动图片专家组)
itaa: information technology association of american，美国信息技术协会
mac(mobile advisory⁸ council)
mcsp: microsoft certified⁹ solution providers，微软认证解决方案供应商
mjpeg(motion joint¹⁰ photographic experts group，移动式连续图像专家组)
mma: midi manufacturer association(midi制造商联盟)
ncta: national cable television association，美国电缆电视协会
nia: networking interoperatility alliance(网络互操作联盟)
nbitd(national board for industrual and technical development，瑞典国立工业和技术发展委员会制订)
oaaf：open arcade¹¹ architecture forum，开放式arcade体系论坛
oem(original equipment manufacturer，原始设备制造商)
oif: optical internetworking forum，光纤互连网络论坛
riaa(recording industry association of america，美国唱片工业协会)
rio: redistributed internet object(因特网分配组织)
sia(the semiconductor industries association，半导体工业协会)
spa: software publishers association，软件出版商协会
tsowu(the swedish office worker's union，瑞典办公人员联合会，以制订tco标准著称)
uawg: universal adsl working group(通用adsl工作组)
ucaid:university corporation for advanced internet development
ul: underwriters laboratories inc.(新产品承诺实验室)
var: value added resellers(增值分销商)
w3c(world wide web consortium，万维网协会)
whql(microsoft windows hardware quality lab，微软公司视窗硬件质量实验室)
winhec: windows hardware engineering conference，视窗硬件工程会议

打印机
aas(automatic area seagment?)
dpi(dot per inch，每英寸的打印像素)
ecp(extended capabilities¹³ port，延长能力端口)
epp(enhanced parallel port，增强形平行接口)
ipp(internet printing protocol，因特网打印协议)
ppm(paper per minute，页/分)
spp(standard parallel port，标准并行口)
tet(text enhanced technology，文本增强技术)
usbdcdpd(universal serial¹⁴ bus device class definition for printing devices，打印设备的通用串行总线级标准)
vd(variable dot，变点式列印)

扫描仪
twain(toolkit without an interesting name)协议

磁盘
aat(average access time，平均存取时间)
abs(auto¹² balance system，自动平衡系统)
asmo(advanced storage magneto-optical，增强形光学存储器)
ast(average seek time，平均寻道时间)
ata(at attachment¹⁵，at扩展型)
atomm(advanced super thin-layer and high-output metal media，增强形超薄高速金属媒体)
bps(bit per second，位/秒)
cam(common access model，公共存取模型)
css(common command set，通用指令集)
dma(direct memory access，直接内存存取)
dvd(digital video disk，数字视频光盘)
eide(enhanced integrated drive electronics，增强形电子集成驱动器)
fat(file allocation tables，文件分配表)
fdbm(fluid dynamic bearing motors，液态轴承马达)
fdc(floppy¹⁶ disk controller，软盘驱动器控制装置)
fdd(floppy disk driver，软盘驱动器)
gmr(giant magnetoresistive，巨型磁阻)
hda(head disk assembly，磁头集合)
hifd(high-capacity floppy disk，高容量软盘)
ide(integrated drive electronics，电子集成驱动器)
lba(logical block addressing，逻辑块寻址)
mbr(master boot record，主引导记录)
mtbf(mean time before failure，平均故障时间)
pio(programmed input¹⁸ output，可编程输入输出模式)
prml(partial response maximum likelihood，最大可能部分反应，用于提高磁盘读写传输率)
rpm(rotation per minute，转/分)
rsd: removable storage device(移动式存储设备)
scsi(small computer system interface，小型计算机系统接口)
scma：scsi configured auto magically，scsi自动配置
s.m.a.r.t.(self-monitoring， analysis and reporting technology，自动监测、分析和报告技术)
sps(shock protection system，抗震保护系统)
sta(scsi trade association，scsi同业公会)
ultra dma(ultra direct memory access，超高速直接内存存取)
lvd(low voltage differential)
seagate硬盘技术
discwizard(磁盘控制软件)
dst(drive self test，磁盘自检程序)
seashield(防静电防撞击外壳)

光驱
atapi(at attachment packet interface)
bcf(boot catalog file，启动目录文件)
bif(boot image file，启动映像文件)
cdr(cd recordable，可记录光盘)
cd-rom/xa(cd－rom extended architecture，唯读光盘增强形架构)
cdrw(cd-rewritable，可重复刻录光盘)
clv(constant linear velocity，恒定线速度)
dae(digital audio extraction，数据音频抓取)
ddss(double dynamic suspension system，双悬浮动态减震系统)
ddss ii(double dynamic suspension system ii，第二代双层动力悬吊系统)
pcav(part constant angular velocity，部分恒定角速度)
vcd(video cd，视频cd)

RAM¹⁷ & ROM
abp: address bit permuting，地址位序列改变
atc(access time from clock，时钟存取时间)
bsram(burst pipelined¹⁹ synchronous²⁰ static ram，突发式管道同步静态存储器) cas(column address strobe，列地址控制器)
cct(clock cycle time，时钟周期)
db: deep buffer(深度缓冲)
ddr sdram(double date rate，双数据率sdram)
dil(dual²¹-in-line)
dimm(dual in-line memory modules，双重内嵌式内存模块)
dram(dynamic random²² access memory，动态随机存储器)
drdram(direct rambus dram，直接rambus内存)
ecc(error checking and correction，错误检查修正)
eeprom(electrically erasable²³ programmable rom，电擦写可编程只读存储器)
fm: flash memory(快闪存储器)
fmd rom (fluorescent material read only memory，荧光质只读存储器)
pirom：processor information rom，处理器信息rom
pledm: phase-state low electron(hole)-number drive memory
qbm(quad band memory，四倍边带内存)
rac(rambus asic cell，rambus集成电路单元)
ras(row address strobe，行地址控制器)
rdram(rambus direct ram，直接型rambusram)
rimm(rambus in-line memory modules，rambus内嵌式内存模块)
sdr sdram(single date rate，单数据率sdram)
sgram(synchronous graphics ram，同步图形随机储存器)
so-dimm(small outline dual in-line memory modules，小型双重内嵌式内存模块)
spd(serial presence detect，串行存在检查)
sram(static random access memory，静态随机存储器)
sstl-2(stub series terminated logic-2)
tsops(thin small outline packages，超小型封装)
uswv(uncacheable， speculative， write-combining非缓冲随机混合写入)
vcma(virtual channel memory architecture，虚拟通道内存结构)