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Tethys is the ninth of Saturn1's known satellites: orbit: 294,660 km from Saturn diameter: 1060 km mass: 6.22e20 kg In Greek mythology2 Tethys was a Titaness and sea goddess who was both sister and wife of Oceanus. Discovered by Cassini in 1684. Tethys' low density3 indicates that it is almost completely composed of water ice, similar to Dione and Rhea. The western hemisphere is dominated by a huge impact crater4, called Odysseus, whose 400 km diameter is nearly 2/5 of that of Tethys itself (right). That such an impact didn't shatter Tethys completely indicates that it may have been liquid or at least not very solid at the time. The crater is now quite flat (or more precisely5, it conforms to Tethys' spherical6 shape), like the craters7 on Callisto, without the high ring mountains and central peaks commonly seen on the Moon and Mercury. The second major feature seen on Tethys is a huge valley (called Ithaca Chasma) 100 km wide and 3 to 5 km deep which runs 2000 km or 3/4 of the way around Tethys' circumference8 (above). Clearly then, Tethys has not always been frozen solid. At some point in its past it was probably liquid. The impact craters from that era have been smoothed out. As it froze and expanded, the surface must have cracked to accommodate the extra volume producing Ithaca Chasma. The smaller impact craters we see today are more recent. There are no albedo features on Tethys as there are on Rhea and Dione. Telesto and Calypso orbit in Tethys' Lagrange points (60 degrees ahead and behind Tethys in the same orbit). Tethys 距土星第九远已知卫星: 公转轨道:距土星 294,660 千米 卫星直径:1060 千米 质量:6.22e20 千克 在希腊神话里,Tethys是一个女巨人也是一个女海神,是大洋神俄亥阿诺斯的妹妹、并是他的妻子。 它在1684年由卡西尼发现。 土卫三的低密度表明它是几乎全部由水和冰组成,这与土卫四和土卫五十分相象。 它的西半球有一座巨大的称为Odysseus的由撞击产生的陨石坑,它的400千米的直径相当于土卫三本射的40%(见右图)。这么巨大的撞击没有乇底地撞碎土卫三,表明它可能在当时是液状的或者至少不是真正的固态。这个陨石现在是相当平坦的(或者说它已趋向于土卫三的球状),这就像在木卫四上的陨石坑,没有在月球和水星上能普遍看到的很高的环形山和中心顶点。 第二个在土卫三上看到的主要地貌是巨大的山谷(叫做Ithaca Chasma)。它有100千米宽,3到5千米深,全长2000千米或者说是土卫三周长的四分之三(上图)。 很清楚,土卫三不是一直是凝结的固体。在它过去的某些时刻,它可能是液态的。历史上由碰撞产生的陨石坑已经平滑了,随着它的凝固和膨胀,它的表面可能裂开而产生额外的容量,这样便产生了Ithaca Chasma。其余一些小的为我们现在所看到的撞击出的陨石坑都较年轻。 像在土卫四和土卫五上一样,在土卫三上没有反照率特征。 土卫十三和土卫十四的轨道在土卫三的拉格朗日点上(在同一轨道上,前或后的60度位置)。 土卫三由卡西尼于1684年发现。它的冰质星体构造与土卫四、土卫五相似。密度为1.21 克/立方厘米,表明它几乎全由冰水组成。它的冰质表面上环形山密布,有些是因冰里的断层所致。土卫三有个巨大的沟渠,宽65千米(40英里),从中心上部一直延伸到左侧,覆盖土卫三整个圆周的四分之三。这个裂缝的长度大致是科学家所能推测土卫三过去是不是有液态存在、外壳比内核先变硬的长度。峡谷被命名为 Ithaca Chasma。一片巨大宽阔相对年轻的平原在土卫三上也存在。土卫三的表面温度为-187° C (-305° F)。 土卫三状态
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