To Autumn 《秋颂》
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
 

  John Keats J.

  济慈(1795-1821)

  作者简介:

  英国19世纪浪漫主义的重要诗人。他出生在伦敦一个马车店主之家。父母早丧,少年辍学。曾学医谋生,后弃医从文。1816年发表处女作《哦,孤独》,1818年长诗《安狄米恩》出版,遭到保守派的尖锐的评击,也受到著名诗人拜伦和雪莱的重视与鼓励。从此,他诗情奔放,一泻千里,写出了大量脍炙人口的名篇,如长诗《伊莎贝拉》和抒情诗,《希腊古瓮颂》,《夜莺颂》,《秋颂》等,奠定了他在英国文学史上的崇高地位。是时,诗人身患肺结核,1820-1821年赴意大利旅游养病,不幸早逝,葬于罗马。死时年仅25岁。

  作品赏析:

  诗人开篇就抓住了秋的实质-成熟,然后他再由此展开想象,把读者的目光从湛蓝的晴空带到挂着藤蔓的屋檐,从房前的老树到成熟的田野。诗人着力描写秋天成熟的果实:紫色的葡萄,鲜红的苹果,金黄的葫芦,黑褐的榛子,伴随着欢唱的蜜蜂和迟开的花朵,一幅绚丽多姿的初秋美景就鲜明生动地展现在眼前。

  To Autumn

  1

  Season of mists and mellow1 fruitfulness,⑴

  Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun,⑵

  Conspiring2 with him ⑶how to load and bless

  With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;⑷

  To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees,

  And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core;

  To swell3 the gourd4, and plump the hazel shells

  With a sweet kernel5; to set budding more,

  And still more, later flowers for the bees,

  Until they think warm days will never cease,

  For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells.

  2

  Who hath not seen thee oft⑸ amid thy store?

  Sometimes whoever seeks abroad⑹ may find

  Thee sitting careless on a granary floor,

  Thy hair sort-lifted by the winnowing6 wind;

  Or on a half-reap'd furrow7 sound asleep,⑺

  Dows'd with the fume8 of poppies, while thy hook

  Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers.

  And sometimes like a gleaner9 thou dost keep

  Steady thy laden10 head across a brook11

  Or by a cyder-press, with patient look,

  Thou watchest the last oozings ⑻hours by hours.

  3

  Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they?

  Think not of them, thou hast thy music too,

  While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,⑼

  And touch the stubble-plains with rosy12 hue13

  Then in a waiful choir14 the small gnats15 mourn

  Among the river sallows,⑽ borne aloft⑾

  Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies;

  And full-grown lambs loud bleat16 from hilly bourn;⑿

  Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble ⒀soft

  The red-breast whistles form a garden-croft;⒁

  And gathering17 swallows twitter in the skies.

  注释:

  (1)Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness: 雾气弥漫、果实成熟丰饶的季节(指秋天)。

  (2)Maturing sun:使万物成熟的太阳。

  (3)him:指太阳。在这里,诗人把秋天和太阳都人格化,因此,conspiring这词的运用就颇具幽默感。

  (4)bless/with fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run: 这半句的正常语序是:bless the vines that run round the thatch-eves with fruit,意为:赐福给屋檐周围的葡萄藤累累的果实。

  (5)oft: 即为often(古英语词)。

  (6)seeks abroad:到户外去走一走。

  (7)on a half reap'd furrow sound asleep: 这个句子的前半句在第二、三行,即whoever/may find/Thee sound asleep on a half reaped furrow.

  (8)oozings: 徐徐滴下的果汁。

  (9)barred clouds bloom the soft dying day:傍晚的天空飘动着艳丽的带状云彩。barrow带状的,条形的,the soft dying day,白昼静静地逝去,bloom,使艳丽;开花。

  (10)Sallows: 柳树,柳枝。

  (11)Borne alft:高飞。Borne 是bear的过去式,意为:运动,转向:aflot,高高地。

  (12)And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn:意为羔羊篚了, 在山坡上大专地吁吁叫。Bourn,地区,领地。

  (13)Treble:最高音。

  (14)Garden-croft:宅旁的园地。

来源:《秋阳译刊》


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 mellow F2iyP     
adj.柔和的;熟透的;v.变柔和;(使)成熟
参考例句:
  • These apples are mellow at this time of year.每年这时节,苹果就熟透了。
  • The colours become mellow as the sun went down.当太阳落山时,色彩变得柔和了。
2 conspiring 6ea0abd4b4aba2784a9aa29dd5b24fa0     
密谋( conspire的现在分词 ); 搞阴谋; (事件等)巧合; 共同导致
参考例句:
  • They were accused of conspiring against the king. 他们被指控阴谋反对国王。
  • John Brown and his associates were tried for conspiring to overthrow the slave states. 约翰·布朗和他的合伙者们由于密谋推翻实行奴隶制度的美国各州而被审讯。
3 swell IHnzB     
vi.膨胀,肿胀;增长,增强
参考例句:
  • The waves had taken on a deep swell.海浪汹涌。
  • His injured wrist began to swell.他那受伤的手腕开始肿了。
4 gourd mfWxh     
n.葫芦
参考例句:
  • Are you going with him? You must be out of your gourd.你和他一块去?你一定是疯了。
  • Give me a gourd so I can bail.把葫芦瓢给我,我好把水舀出去。
5 kernel f3wxW     
n.(果实的)核,仁;(问题)的中心,核心
参考例句:
  • The kernel of his problem is lack of money.他的问题的核心是缺钱。
  • The nutshell includes the kernel.果壳裹住果仁。
6 winnowing afff048007ee6ee108e313476bff7439     
v.扬( winnow的现在分词 );辨别;选择;除去
参考例句:
  • The petrel came winnowing in from afar on the sea. 海燕从遥远的地方振翼飞来。 来自辞典例句
  • He is winnowing wheat now. 他现在正在簸小麦。 来自辞典例句
7 furrow X6dyf     
n.沟;垄沟;轨迹;车辙;皱纹
参考例句:
  • The tractor has make deep furrow in the loose sand.拖拉机在松软的沙土上留下了深深的车辙。
  • Mei did not weep.She only bit her lips,and the furrow in her brow deepened.梅埋下头,她咬了咬嘴唇皮,额上的皱纹显得更深了。
8 fume 5Qqzp     
n.(usu pl.)(浓烈或难闻的)烟,气,汽
参考例句:
  • The pressure of fume in chimney increases slowly from top to bottom.烟道内压力自上而下逐渐增加,底层住户的排烟最为不利。
  • Your harsh words put her in a fume.你那些难听的话使她生气了。
9 gleaner CsmzT7     
n.拾穗的人;割捆机
参考例句:
  • Your feet are rosy-red with the glow of my heart's desire, Gleaner of my sunset songs! 你的双脚被我心切望的热光染得绯红,我的落日之歌的搜集者! 来自互联网
10 laden P2gx5     
adj.装满了的;充满了的;负了重担的;苦恼的
参考例句:
  • He is laden with heavy responsibility.他肩负重任。
  • Dragging the fully laden boat across the sand dunes was no mean feat.将满载货物的船拖过沙丘是一件了不起的事。
11 brook PSIyg     
n.小河,溪;v.忍受,容让
参考例句:
  • In our room we could hear the murmur of a distant brook.在我们房间能听到远处小溪汩汩的流水声。
  • The brook trickled through the valley.小溪涓涓流过峡谷。
12 rosy kDAy9     
adj.美好的,乐观的,玫瑰色的
参考例句:
  • She got a new job and her life looks rosy.她找到一份新工作,生活看上去很美好。
  • She always takes a rosy view of life.她总是对生活持乐观态度。
13 hue qdszS     
n.色度;色调;样子
参考例句:
  • The diamond shone with every hue under the sun.金刚石在阳光下放出五颜六色的光芒。
  • The same hue will look different in different light.同一颜色在不同的光线下看起来会有所不同。
14 choir sX0z5     
n.唱诗班,唱诗班的席位,合唱团,舞蹈团;v.合唱
参考例句:
  • The choir sang the words out with great vigor.合唱团以极大的热情唱出了歌词。
  • The church choir is singing tonight.今晚教堂歌唱队要唱诗。
15 gnats e62a9272689055f936a8d55ef289d2fb     
n.叮人小虫( gnat的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • He decided that he might fire at all gnats. 他决定索性把鸡毛蒜皮都摊出来。 来自辞典例句
  • The air seemed to grow thick with fine white gnats. 空气似乎由于许多白色的小虫子而变得浑浊不堪。 来自辞典例句
16 bleat OdVyE     
v.咩咩叫,(讲)废话,哭诉;n.咩咩叫,废话,哭诉
参考例句:
  • He heard the bleat of a lamb.他听到小羊的叫声。
  • They bleat about how miserable they are.他们诉说他们的生活是多么悲惨。
17 gathering ChmxZ     
n.集会,聚会,聚集
参考例句:
  • He called on Mr. White to speak at the gathering.他请怀特先生在集会上讲话。
  • He is on the wing gathering material for his novels.他正忙于为他的小说收集资料。
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