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John Keats J. 济慈(1795-1821) 作者简介: 英国19世纪浪漫主义的重要诗人。他出生在伦敦一个马车店主之家。父母早丧,少年辍学。曾学医谋生,后弃医从文。1816年发表处女作《哦,孤独》,1818年长诗《安狄米恩》出版,遭到保守派的尖锐的评击,也受到著名诗人拜伦和雪莱的重视与鼓励。从此,他诗情奔放,一泻千里,写出了大量脍炙人口的名篇,如长诗《伊莎贝拉》和抒情诗,《希腊古瓮颂》,《夜莺颂》,《秋颂》等,奠定了他在英国文学史上的崇高地位。是时,诗人身患肺结核,1820-1821年赴意大利旅游养病,不幸早逝,葬于罗马。死时年仅25岁。 作品赏析: 诗人开篇就抓住了秋的实质-成熟,然后他再由此展开想象,把读者的目光从湛蓝的晴空带到挂着藤蔓的屋檐,从房前的老树到成熟的田野。诗人着力描写秋天成熟的果实:紫色的葡萄,鲜红的苹果,金黄的葫芦,黑褐的榛子,伴随着欢唱的蜜蜂和迟开的花朵,一幅绚丽多姿的初秋美景就鲜明生动地展现在眼前。 To Autumn 1 Season of mists and mellow1 fruitfulness,⑴ Close bosom-friend of the maturing sun,⑵ Conspiring2 with him ⑶how to load and bless With fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run;⑷ To bend with apples the moss'd cottage-trees, And fill all fruit with ripeness to the core; To swell3 the gourd4, and plump the hazel shells With a sweet kernel5; to set budding more, And still more, later flowers for the bees, Until they think warm days will never cease, For Summer has o'er-brimm'd their clammy cells. 2 Who hath not seen thee oft⑸ amid thy store? Sometimes whoever seeks abroad⑹ may find Thee sitting careless on a granary floor, Thy hair sort-lifted by the winnowing6 wind; Or on a half-reap'd furrow7 sound asleep,⑺ Dows'd with the fume8 of poppies, while thy hook Spares the next swath and all its twined flowers. And sometimes like a gleaner9 thou dost keep Steady thy laden10 head across a brook11; Or by a cyder-press, with patient look, Thou watchest the last oozings ⑻hours by hours. 3 Where are the songs of Spring? Ay, where are they? Think not of them, thou hast thy music too, While barred clouds bloom the soft-dying day,⑼ And touch the stubble-plains with rosy12 hue13; Then in a waiful choir14 the small gnats15 mourn Among the river sallows,⑽ borne aloft⑾ Or sinking as the light wind lives or dies; And full-grown lambs loud bleat16 from hilly bourn;⑿ Hedge-crickets sing; and now with treble ⒀soft The red-breast whistles form a garden-croft;⒁ And gathering17 swallows twitter in the skies. 注释: (1)Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness: 雾气弥漫、果实成熟丰饶的季节(指秋天)。 (2)Maturing sun:使万物成熟的太阳。 (3)him:指太阳。在这里,诗人把秋天和太阳都人格化,因此,conspiring这词的运用就颇具幽默感。 (4)bless/with fruit the vines that round the thatch-eves run: 这半句的正常语序是:bless the vines that run round the thatch-eves with fruit,意为:赐福给屋檐周围的葡萄藤累累的果实。 (5)oft: 即为often(古英语词)。 (6)seeks abroad:到户外去走一走。 (7)on a half reap'd furrow sound asleep: 这个句子的前半句在第二、三行,即whoever/may find/Thee sound asleep on a half reaped furrow. (8)oozings: 徐徐滴下的果汁。 (9)barred clouds bloom the soft dying day:傍晚的天空飘动着艳丽的带状云彩。barrow带状的,条形的,the soft dying day,白昼静静地逝去,bloom,使艳丽;开花。 (10)Sallows: 柳树,柳枝。 (11)Borne alft:高飞。Borne 是bear的过去式,意为:运动,转向:aflot,高高地。 (12)And full-grown lambs loud bleat from hilly bourn:意为羔羊篚了, 在山坡上大专地吁吁叫。Bourn,地区,领地。 (13)Treble:最高音。 (14)Garden-croft:宅旁的园地。 来源:《秋阳译刊》
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