G.连词(Conjuction—conj.)
定义:用以连接句子中的单词、短语、从句,或连接句子和句子的词叫做连词。例如:and(和),but(但是),so(所以),or(或者),that,because(因为),since(既然),…
连词的表达功能如下:
(1)并列功能(“+”代表连词)
(a)词+词,例:
boys and girls(男生和女生)
you and I(你和我)
poor but happy(贫困的,但是快乐)
(b)短语+短语,例:
in the city and in the country.(在城市和在乡村)
by bus or by train(乘公共汽车或乘火车)
(c)从句+从句,例:
He is not very bright but he studies hard.
(他并不聪敏,但是他很用功。)
I didn’t have breakfast this morning, so I am hungry now.
(今天早晨我没吃早餐,所以我现在饿了。)
解说:表达并列功能的连词叫做并列连词(Coordinate1 Conjunction)。并列连词两端的词的词类必须相等。又如“词+短语/从句”或“短语+词/从句”等也都不成立。
(2)从属功能
请先了解什么叫做从句(Subordinate Clause.)
本身不能独立表达完整的意思而只在句子中作句子结构的一部分者叫做从句。用以连接从句使其在主句中发挥表达功能的词叫做从属连词(Subordinate Conjunction),如:as,when,since,that,who,which,what等。 例:
I know that he is a very good student.
(我知道他是一个很好的学生。—“that…”是名词从句作“know”的直接宾语。)
People who use free time well are usually healthy and happy.
(善于利用空闲时间的人通常都是又健康又快乐。—“who…well”是形容词从句修饰其前面的名词“People”。)
Many people enjoy reading when they have free time.
(许多人有空闲就喜爱阅读。—“when…time”是副词从句在修饰动词“enjoy”。)