【中考英语】语法基础-1
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
介词是一种用来表示词与词, 词与句之间的关系的词。在句中不能单独作句字成分。介词后面一般有名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作主语, 状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。例如:
                     
  Most of the students went to the classroom.
                     
  大部分学生去了教室。
                     
  We play basketball on the sports ground.
                     
  我们在操场上打蓝球。
                     
  介词常与动词,形容词,名词一起构成固定搭配。
                     
  belong to 属于 rely1 on 依靠
                     
  talk to 同...谈话 be afraid of 害怕
                     
  be strict with对...严格
                     
  介词一般放在名词之前。但它后面的介词宾语是疑问代词,疑问副词或者关系代词时,这些词提到了前面而只剩下介词在后了。
                     
  Where do you come from?
                     
  你是哪儿人?
                     
  Who are you talking to?
                     
  你在跟谁谈话呢?
                     
  What do you study for?
                     
  你为了什么而学习?
                     
  介词在英语词汇中所占比例很小,但它们的用法却非常灵活,复杂。下列为常用介词及含义:
                     
  about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身.
                     
  I have bought a book about Shakespearean.
                     
  我买了一本有关莎士比亚的书。
                     
  There are about fifteen trees in the picture.
                     
  图片里大约有十五棵树。
                     
  above 在....上,高出,以上,超过,在...上游.
                     
  The plane is flying above the clouds.
                     
  飞机在云上飞行。
                     
  I think the man is above sixty years old.
                     
  我想那人有六十多岁了。
                     
  across 横过,对面,交叉,在...的对面.
                     
  Can you swim across the river?
                     
  你能游过河吗?
                     
  We live across the street.
                     
  我们住在街的对面。
                     
  after 在...后面,依照.
                     
  He went home after school.
                     
  他放学后就回家了。
                     
  Read after me, please.
                     
  请跟我朗读。
                     
  against 撞到,靠着,反对,违背,
                     
  The car hit against the tree.
                     
  汽车撞了树。
                     
  He is standing2 against the wall.
                     
  他靠墙站着。
                     
  along 沿着,顺着.
                     
  They are walking along the river.
                     
  他们沿着河行走。
                     
  among 在...当中.
                     
  He is the tallest among them.
                     
  他是他们当中个子最高的。
                     
  around 在...的周围,在...那一边.
                     
  They sat around the table talking the news.
                     
  他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。
                     
  There is a drugstore around the corner.
                     
  拐角处有一家药店。
                     
  as 作为.
                     
  He doesn't like people treat him as a child.
                     
  他不喜欢人们把他当小孩子对待。
                     
  at 在...时刻,在...点钟,在...岁时, 向,在...之中,按...速度,值(卖)...钱,
                     
  He always gets up at six in the morning.
                     
  他时常早上六点钟起床。
                     
  He shot3 at the bird but missed it.
                     
  他向鸟射击,但是没射中。
                     
  The car goes at eighty miles an hour.
                     
  汽车以每小时八十公里的速度行驶。
                     
  before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(时间)
                     
 ?e took a picture before the car.
                     
  他在汽车前照了张照片。
                     
  He can't finish his work before supper.
                     
  晚饭前他完不成工作。
                     
  behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于,不如,
                     
  迟于,晚于(时间)
                     
  Are there any brooms4 behind the door.
                     
  门后有扫帚吗?
                     
  All of us are behind him in mathematics5.
                     
  我们数学都不如他。
                     
  below 在...之下,低于,
                     
  There are four lights below the ceiling6.
                     
  天花板下面有四盏灯。
                     
  The murderer7 run away below the police's eyes.
                     
  杀人犯从警察眼皮底下跑了。
                     
  beside 在...的旁边,在...之外,与...相比.
                     
  He found the body by the river.
                     
  他在河边发现了尸体。
                     
  Beside yours, my computer is too slow.
                     
  与你的计算机速度相比,我的就慢多了。
                     
  besides 除...之外,
                     
  We are all here besides Bowe.
                     
  除鲍外,我们也都来了。
                     
  between 在...两者之间,
                     
  The relations8 between the two countries has improved since then.
                     
  两国的关系从那以后得到了改善。
                     
  beyond9 在...那边,
                     
  The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.
                     
  你要找的商店在街的那边,你不会找不到的。
                     
  but 除去.
                     
  He has nothing but money.
                     
  他除钱以外什么都没有。
                     
  by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不迟于, 以...为手段。
                     
  The classroom was cleaned by the students.
                     
  教室由学生们打扫干净了。
                     
  Miss Lucy came to China by air.
                     
  露西小姐是乘飞机来中国的。
                     
  down 沿着...望下。
                     
  She walked down the street.
                     
  她沿着街道走。
                     
  during 在...期间,在...时候。
                     
  During the holiday, we went to the south.
                     
  我们假期去了南方。
                     
  except 除...之外。
                     
  He knows nothing except English.
                     
  他除英语以外什么都不知道。
                     
  for 为..., 因为..., 至于... 。
                     
  He works10 for this company.
                     
  他为这家公司工作。
                     
  She came back to the classroom for she had left her books in the classroom.
                     
  她返回到教室是因为把书留在了那里。
                    ?
  from 从..., 来自..., 因为...。
                     
  Where are you from?
                     
  你是哪里人?
                     
  He died from an accident.
                     
  他死于一场事故。
                     
  in 在..., 在...之内,从事于..., 按照..., 穿着...。
                     
  He was born in 1992.
                     
  他生于1992年。
                     
  I could finish the program in two weeks.
                     
  我可以用两周时间完成这个项目。
                     
  He spend less time in reading11.
                     
  他读书时间很少。
                     
  The man in black jacket is our teacher.
                     
  穿黑夹克的那个人是我们的老师。
                     
  like 象...,如同...。
                     
  The twins are like their father.
                     
  双胞胎象他们的父亲。
                     
  near 靠近....。
                     
  There are some flowers near the house.
                     
  房子附近有一些花。
                     
  of ...的,属于...。
                     
  This is a map of China.
                     
  这是一张中国地图。
                     
  off 离开...,在...之外。
                     
  The young man got off the train quickly.
                     
  那个年青人很快下了火车。
                     
  I live in a village a little way off the main road.
                     
  我住在离大路不远的一个村庄里。
                     
  on 在...之上。
                     
  My book is on the table.
                     
  我的书在桌子上。
                     
  out of 从...出来,在...之外。
                     
  The dog run out of the house.
                     
  狗从房子里跑出来。
                     
  outside ... 外边.
                     
  They are waiting outside the gate.
                     
  他们在门外等着。
                     
  over 在...之上,遍于...之上,越过...。
                     
  There is a light over the desk.
                     
  桌子上方有盏灯。
                     
  He is over sixty years old.
                     
  他有六十多岁。
                     
  past 越过...,过...,超越...。
                     
  The students walked past the post office.
                     
  学生们走过了邮局。
                     
  It is ten past two.
                     
  现在是两点十分。
                     
  round 围着...,绕过...,在...周围。
                     
  We sat round the table.
                     
  我们围着桌子坐下。
                     
  The earth goes round the sun.
                     
  地球绕着太阳转。
                     
  since 自... 以后,自...以来。
                     
  He has made great progress in English since he came into the college.
                     
  从他来到大学后,他的英语有了很大进步。
                     
  through 经过...,穿过...。
                     
  They went through the forest.
                     
  他们穿过了森林。
                     
  throughout12 遍及...,在各处。
                     
  The police searched for the criminal13 throughout the mountain.
                     
  警察搜山寻找犯人。
                     
  till 直到...,在...以前。
                     
  He didn't come back till eleven o'clock.
                     
  他直到十一点钟才回来。
                     
  We'll be home till six.
                     
  六点以前我们都会在家。
                     
  to 到...,向...,趋于。
                     
  How long is it from here to the station?
                     
  从这儿到车站有多远?
                     
  under 在...之下,低于。
                     
  There are some footballs under the bed.
                     
  床底下有几颗足球。
                     
  These students are under seventeen years old.
                     
  这些学生们不到十七岁。
                     
  until 直到,在...以前,
                     
  Please wait for us until we come back.
                     
  请等着我们回来。
                     
  It was not until last week that I handed in mathematics paper.
                     
  直到上周,我才交了数学论文。
                     
  up 在...上面,在...上。
                     
  He went up the stairs.
                     
  他上了楼梯。
                     
  upon14 在...之上,迫近...。
                     
  It's not polite to look down upon him.
                     
  蔑视他是不礼貌的。
                     
  within15 在...之内。
                     
  You must finish the work within two weeks.
                     
  你必须两周内完成这项工作。
                     
  without 没有,不,在...之外。
                     
  We can't do it better without your help.
                     
  没有你的帮助,我们就做不好。
                     
  We couldn't live without air and water.
                     
  没有空气和水,我们就不可能生存。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 rely 2V3x7     
vi.依赖,依靠;信赖,信任
参考例句:
  • I rely upon you to finish the work on time.我相信你会准时完成这项工作的。
  • You should rely on your own efforts.你应该靠自己的努力。
2 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
3 shot xyiwb     
n.炮弹,射击,射手;v.射击,发出,发芽;vbl.射击,发出,发芽
参考例句:
  • He shot a wild duck.他射中一只野鸭。
  • All the children shot out their hands for the money.所有的孩子突然伸出手来要钱。
4 brooms 6ff8463075de73a0f60898f6074801cd     
n.扫帚( broom的名词复数 );金雀花(野生,开小黄花)
参考例句:
  • The brooms are terribly direct. 扫帚把是非常锋利的。 来自辞典例句
  • Witches, who are inventive and innovative, create better and better brooms. 善于创新发明的女巫们改进出愈加出色的扫帚。 来自互联网
5 mathematics VBgxK     
n.(用作单)数学;(用作单或复)计算(能力)
参考例句:
  • He has come out in front in the study of mathematics.他在数学方面已名列前茅。
  • She is working at a difficult problem in mathematics.她在做一道数学难题。
6 ceiling vw0zpj     
n.天花板;(规定价格、工资等的)最高限额
参考例句:
  • It took more or less a whole day to paint the ceiling.粉刷天花板用了将近一整天的时间。
  • A fly is on the ceiling.一只苍蝇在天花板上。
7 murderer 0Fwxb     
n.杀人犯,凶手
参考例句:
  • How long should a murderer be kept in prison?犯了谋杀罪的人应在监狱关多少年?
  • They discovered the murderer to have run away.他们发现凶手已逃之夭夭。
8 relations pkuzS1     
n.彼此间的看法,两者的关系;关系( relation的名词复数 );亲戚(关系);亲属(关系);(事物之间的)关系
参考例句:
  • She hated the flummery of public relations. 她讨厌公关工作中的虚夸恭维。
  • The club's aim is to foster better relations within the community. 俱乐部的宗旨是促进团体内部的关系。
9 beyond rQ4yQ     
prep.在(或向)…的那边,远于;迟于;超出
参考例句:
  • For many years he had lived beyond the seas.他在海外生活多年。
  • I know nothing beyond this.除此以外我一无所知。
10 works ieuzIh     
n.作品,著作;工厂,活动部件,机件
参考例句:
  • We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
  • The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。
11 reading YiGyU     
n.阅读,知识,读物,表演,对法律条文的解释;adj.阅读的
参考例句:
  • Children learn reading and writing at school.孩子们在学校学习阅读和写作。
  • He finds pleasure in reading.他从阅读中得到乐趣。
12 throughout goRw2     
adv.到处,自始至终;prep.遍及,贯穿
参考例句:
  • These magazines are sold at bookstores throughout the country.这些杂志在全国各地书店均有发售。
  • Guilin is known throughout the world for its scenery.桂林以山水著称于世。
13 criminal Kz9xO     
n.罪犯,犯人,刑事;adj.犯了罪的,罪的,有罪的
参考例句:
  • He is a habitual criminal.他是一个惯犯。
  • We captured the criminal.我们捕获了那个犯人。
14 upon PjCwJ     
prep.在……上面
参考例句:
  • I hope that fortune may smile upon you.我希望幸运之神会向你微笑。
  • I rely upon you to finish the work on time.我相信你会准时完成这项工作的。
15 within 3fMwo     
n.内部,里头;adv.在内部,在内心里;prep.在…之内
参考例句:
  • The work must be done within the given time.这个工作必须在规定的时间内完成。
  • Within two weeks,she gained five pounds in weight.两周内她的体重增加了5磅。
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