中考必考:四个表花费词汇的分析
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

有些同学常常把spend,cost1pay2,take这些表示“花”的动词混淆,它们有什么不同呢?

spend的主语通常是人,往往用于以下句型:
1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth. 
2. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.

例如:
I spent fifty yuan on the coat.
= I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花50元买了这件大衣。
He spent three days on the work. 
= He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了3天。 

3.spend money for sth. 花钱买……。
例如:His money was3 spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。

take常用于“占用、花费”时间,后面常跟双宾语,其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是:
1. It takes/took4 sb.some time to do sth
例如:It will take me two days to do the work. 这项工作花了2天时间。

2. Doing sth./Sth.takes sb.some time.  
例如: The work will take me two days.这项工作花了2天时间。
Repairing5 this car took him the whole6 afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。

It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. 
=Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years.
画这些漂亮的马花费了我3年时间。 
 

pay为“付款、赔偿”之意,主语通常是人,句型
1. sb. pays7 some money for sth
例如: I paid8 fifty yuan for the coat.我花50元买了这件大衣。

2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买……。
例如:I have to pay them 20 pounds9 for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租。

3. pay money back 还钱。
例如:May I borrow10 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。

4. pay off11 one's money 还清钱。 


cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”。句型

1. sth. costs12 (sb.) +money, 某物花了(某人)多少钱。
例如:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。

2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +time, 某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。
例如:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。

注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。 

2004年北京市海淀区中考试题
I'm interested13 in animals, so I _____________ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.
A. pay  B. get  C. take  D. spend
【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是pay, get, take和spend这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend可以用在sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里,所以正确答案影视spend。

This science book ____ me a great amount14 of money.
A. took  B. cost  C. used15  D. spent
答案:B

 



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 cost 2zaxi     
n.价钱,费用,成本;损失,牺牲
参考例句:
  • What does the book cost?这本书值多少?
  • He saved his daughter at the cost of his life.他以牺牲自己的生命挽救了女儿。
2 pay NL6xI     
v.付钱;n.付钱;薪金
参考例句:
  • How much did you pay?你付了多少钱?
  • His pay is below the average.他的工资低于一般水平。
3 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
4 took indwq     
vt.带,载(take的过去式)
参考例句:
  • I took my dog for a walk along the river.我带着狗沿那条河散步。
  • It took me about two hours to cook the meat.我花了大约两个小时来煮这些肉。
5 repairing b452c459a4485c0e7fe1d71d79801f51     
v.纠正( repair的现在分词 );补救
参考例句:
  • She was repairing a glove when I came in. 我进去时,她在补手套。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile. 他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。 来自《简明英汉词典》
6 whole QgkwK     
adj.整整的;全部的;完整的
参考例句:
  • It snowed for two whole days.雪下了整整两天。
  • The whole village was sleeping.整个村庄一片寂静。
7 pays 97a6d77b971c8ebc31c9f75cdaa36498     
v.付给( pay的第三人称单数 );付款;有利可图;(对…)有利
参考例句:
  • The school pays for heating and the maintenance of the buildings. 学校负担这些大楼的供热和维修费用。
  • Death pays all debts and all thoughts are dashed. 一死百了,万念俱灰。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
8 paid 7KYx6     
adj.有报酬的;领取报酬的;领钱的;付费的v.付给( pay的过去式);付款;有利可图;(对…)有利
参考例句:
  • You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives. 你的工资可以按周以现金支取,或按月以支票支取。二者可选其一。
  • My salary is paid directly into my bank. 我的工资直接拨到我的银行。
9 pounds f831a238f61d9607a6ab72947887e7f3     
n.英镑( pound的名词复数 );磅;敲打;重击声v.连续重击( pound的第三人称单数 );咚咚地走;(持续地)苦干;(驾舟时)拍打(水面)
参考例句:
  • The paper got clobbered with libel damages of half a million pounds. 这家报纸被罚以五十万英镑的诽谤损害赔偿金。
  • He donated thousands of pounds to charity. 他向慈善事业捐款数千英镑。
10 borrow LRLyI     
vt.借,借入,借用;vi.借
参考例句:
  • Can I borrow two books at a time?我可以一次借两本书吗?
  • You can borrow this dictionary from the library.你可以从图书馆借到这本字典。
11 off 7Ilxf     
adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外
参考例句:
  • You'd better cool off first.你最好先冷静下来。
  • I need some time off.我需要一些时间休息。
12 costs be9bd32df53512c2246361c712a26051     
n.讼费,诉讼费用;不惜任何代价;价钱( cost的名词复数 );花费;牺牲;[用复数][法律]诉讼费(尤指判处败方偿付胜方的诉讼费用)v.价钱为,花费( cost的第三人称单数 );估计成本;付出(代价);估价
参考例句:
  • Administration costs are passed on to the customer. 行政费用转嫁给了消费者。
  • Our trips are all-inclusive—there are no hidden costs. 我们的旅行费用全包—没有任何隐含性费用。
13 interested WqFzGH     
adj.感兴趣的;拥有权益的;有成见的v.使…感兴趣(interest的过去分词)
参考例句:
  • to be interested in wildlife conservation 对野生动物保护感兴趣
  • I told him I wasn't interested, but he wasn't deterred. 我已告诉他我不感兴趣,可他却不罢休。
14 amount BLYyE     
n.数量,总额;v.总计,等于
参考例句:
  • What is the amount of this?这总共是多少?
  • You'll have any amount of time after your exam.考试过后,你们会有很多的时间。
15 used ajBwV     
adj.用旧了的,旧的;习惯于…;过去惯/经常
参考例句:
  • I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。
  • He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。
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