翻译中的一次性动词与延续性动词
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2009-03-03 01:54 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

    原文:Many people sleep late at weekends.

  译文:周末许多人睡得很晚。

  辨析:此译文错在没弄懂sleep的真正含义。英语动词有短暂动词和持续动词之分,分别表示短暂动作和持续动作(或状态)。

  Sleep是典型的持续动词,表示“在睡觉”。而汉语“睡(觉)”既可表示短暂动作“上床睡觉”(如:我昨天11点才睡),也可表示“在睡觉”的持续动作(如:他睡了整10个小时)。所以原句是说“许多人睡觉一直睡到很晚”,应译为:周末许多人睡懒觉。如果是晚上睡得很晚,英文应说:Many people go to bed very late at weekends. 或Many people don't go to bed until1 very late at weekends.

  汉译英时也要注意区分英语的短暂动词和持续动词。英语有一条规则:短暂动词的完成形式不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。下面两句的英语译文都是错误的:1:这件衣服我穿了3天了。I have put on this jacket for three days.2:老人去世一年了。The old man has died2 for a year.

  Put on和die都是短暂动词,两句的谓语动词应该分别改为have worn和has been dead3。例2也改成The old man died a year ago(此译强调“死”的动作)或It's been a year since4 the old man died(此译强调已过去的时间)。 



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1 until cjnw3     
prep.直到...为止;conj.直到...时才...
参考例句:
  • He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
  • She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
2 died 58e059bce7f67d5fa2bd7c3d5097a174     
vbl.死亡,消逝v.死亡,枯萎( die的过去式和过去分词 );死时处于(某种状态)或具有(某种身份)adj.死亡的,消逝的
参考例句:
  • He was banished to Australia, where he died five years later. 他被流放到澳大利亚,五年后在那里去世。
  • He was utterly bereft when his wife died. 他的妻子去世时,他十分凄凉。
3 dead cyRxQ     
adj.死的;无生命的;死气沉沉的;adv.完全地
参考例句:
  • Mary threw away the dead flowers.玛丽把枯萎的花扔掉了。
  • He was dead asleep.他完全睡着了。
4 since syswX     
adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从
参考例句:
  • He's been working in a bank since leaving school.自从毕业后,他就一直在一家银行工作。
  • I have known him ever since I was a child.我自孩提时代起就已经认识他了。
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