Unit Five
Aggressive Patriotism² in Sports

Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill³ between the nations. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred⁴. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood⁵. Not only, was there the tragic⁶ incident involving the murder of athletes, but the games were also ruined by lesser⁷ incidents caused principally by minor⁸ national contests.
　　One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the users objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed⁹ and that their opponents' victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said:"This wasn't hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation¹⁰ are finished." The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.
　　The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance¹¹. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
　　Incidents of this kind well continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. In the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.