通过阅读学词汇CET-6（9）_大学学习技巧

通过阅读学词汇CET-6（9）

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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

Unit Nine
The Definition of a Gentleman

　　It is almost a definition of a gentleman to say he is one who never inflicts¹ pain. This description is both refined and, as far as it goes, accurate. He is mainly occupied in merely removing the obstacles which hinder the free and unembarrassed action of those about him. His benefits may be considered as parallel to what are called comforts or convenience in arrangements of a personal nature: like an easy chair or a good fire, which do their part in dispelling⁴ cold and fatigue⁵, though nature provides both means of rest and animal heat without them. The true gentleman in like manner carefully avoids whatever may cause a jar or a jolt⁶ in the minds of those with whom he is cast; - all clashing of opinion, or collision of feeling, all restraint, or suspicion, or gloom, or resentment⁷; his great concern being to made every one at their ease and at home. He has his eyes on all his company: he is tender towards the bashful, gentle towards the distant, and merciful towards the absurd; he can recollect⁸ to whom he is speaking; he guards against unseasonable allusions⁹, or topics which may irritate; he is seldom prominent in conversation, and never wearisome.
　　He makes light of favors while he does them, and seems to be receiving when he is conferring. He never speaks of himself except when compelled, defends himself by a mere³ retort, he has no ears for slander¹⁰ or gossip, is scrupulous¹¹ in imputing¹² motives¹³ to those who interfere¹⁴ with him, and interprets every thing for the best. He is never mean or little in his disputes, never takes unfair advantage, never mistakes personalities¹⁵ or sharp sayings for arguments, or insulates evil which he dare not say out. From a long-sighted prudence¹⁶, he observes the maxim¹⁷ of the ancient sage¹⁸, that we should ever conduct ourselves towards our enemy as if he were one day to be our friend. He has too much good sense to be affronted¹⁹ at insults, he is too well employed to remember injuries, and too indolent to bear malice²⁰. He is patient, forbearing, and resigned, on philosophical²¹ principles; he submits to pain, because it is inevitable²², to

bereavement²³, because it is irreparable, and to death, because it is his destiny. If he engages in controversy²⁴ of any kind, his disciplined intellect preserves him from the blunder.

名人名言
It is one of the beautiful compensations of this life that no one can sincerely try to help another without helping²⁵ himself.

The great tragedy of life is not that men perish ,but that they cese to love.

inflict² vt. (on,upon)把...强加给,使遭受,使承担
[联想词]
afflict vt.使苦恼,折磨
alleviate²⁶ vt.减轻,缓解,缓和

hinder vt.阻碍,妨碍
[联想词]
detain vt. 1.拘留,扣留 2.留住,耽搁

jolt n. 1.震动,摇动,颠簸 2.震惊

collision n. 1.碰撞 2.冲突,抵触
collide vi.1.碰撞 2.冲突
[联想词]
coincide vi. 1.同是雪生2.相等,相一致 3.位置重合,重叠
coincidence n. 1.巧合,巧事 2.一致,符合

suspicious a. 1.猜疑的,疑心的 2.可疑的 3.表示怀疑的

gloom n. 1.昏暗,阴暗 2.忧郁,沮丧
gloomy a. 1.忧郁的,沮丧的 2.令人失望的 3.昏暗的

bashful a. 局促的不安的,羞怯的

absurd a. 荒谬的,荒唐的

[联想词]
insane a. 1.蠢极的,荒唐的 2.精神失常的,疯狂的
hysterical²⁷ a.情绪异常激动的

confer (conferred;conferring) vi.商谈,商议 vt.授予,赋予

retort v.反驳 n.反驳
[联想词]
refute vt.反驳,驳斥

slander n.诽谤,诋毁

gossip n. 1.流言蜚语 2.爱说长道短的人

scrupulous a. 1.有顾忌的 2.细致的

insulate vt. 隔离,使隔绝

prudence n. 1.审慎,小心 2.精明,深谋远虑 3.节俭

indolent a. 1.懒惰的,怠惰的 2.令人困倦的

malice n.恶意,怨恨

bereavement n.丧亲,丧友

blunder n. (因无知粗心等造成的)错误 vi.1.跌跌撞撞地走 2.犯错误
[联想词]
stagger vi.摇晃,蹒跚 vt. 1.使吃惊 2.使错开
stumble vi. 1.绊脚,绊倒 2.跌跌撞撞地走 3.结结巴巴
tumble vi. 1.跌倒,摔下 2.翻滚 3.不由自主的卷入 4.(价格等)暴跌

点击

收听单词发音

1 inflicts
把…强加给，使承受，遭受( inflict的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
Bullfrog 50 Inflicts poison when your enemy damages you at short range. 牛娃50对近距离攻击你的敌人造成毒伤。 The U.S. always inflicts its concept of human nature on other nations. 美国总是把自己的人权观念强加于别国。

2 inflict
vt.(on)把…强加给，使遭受，使承担
参考例句：
Don't inflict your ideas on me.不要把你的想法强加于我。 Don't inflict damage on any person.不要伤害任何人。

3 mere
adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过
参考例句：
That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。 It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

4 dispelling
v.驱散，赶跑( dispel的现在分词 )
参考例句：
He succeeded in dispelling our suspicious and won our confidence. 他终于消除了我们的怀疑，得到了我们的信任。来自辞典例句 Truth is a torch, which can pierce the mist without dispelling it. 真理是一个火炬，不用驱散大雾，其火炬即能透过。来自互联网

5 fatigue
n.疲劳，劳累
参考例句：
The old lady can't bear the fatigue of a long journey.这位老妇人不能忍受长途旅行的疲劳。 I have got over my weakness and fatigue.我已从虚弱和疲劳中恢复过来了。

6 jolt
v.（使）摇动，（使）震动，（使）颠簸
参考例句：
We were worried that one tiny jolt could worsen her injuries.我们担心稍微颠簸一下就可能会使她的伤势恶化。 They were working frantically in the fear that an aftershock would jolt the house again.他们拼命地干着，担心余震可能会使房子再次受到震动。

7 resentment
n.怨愤，忿恨
参考例句：
All her feelings of resentment just came pouring out.她一股脑儿倾吐出所有的怨恨。 She cherished a deep resentment under the rose towards her employer.她暗中对她的雇主怀恨在心。

8 recollect
v.回忆，想起，记起，忆起，记得
参考例句：
He tried to recollect things and drown himself in them.他极力回想过去的事情而沉浸于回忆之中。 She could not recollect being there.她回想不起曾经到过那儿。

9 allusions
暗指，间接提到( allusion的名词复数 )
参考例句：
We should not use proverbs and allusions indiscriminately. 不要滥用成语典故。 The background lent itself to allusions to European scenes. 眼前的情景容易使人联想到欧洲风光。

10 slander
n./v.诽谤，污蔑
参考例句：
The article is a slander on ordinary working people.那篇文章是对普通劳动大众的诋毁。 He threatened to go public with the slander.他威胁要把丑闻宣扬出去。

11 scrupulous
adj.审慎的，小心翼翼的，完全的，纯粹的
参考例句：
She is scrupulous to a degree.她非常谨慎。 Poets are not so scrupulous as you are.诗人并不像你那样顾虑多。

12 imputing
v.把（错误等）归咎于( impute的现在分词 )
参考例句：

13 motives
n.动机，目的( motive的名词复数 )
参考例句：
to impeach sb's motives 怀疑某人的动机 His motives are unclear. 他的用意不明。

14 interfere
v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰
参考例句：
If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。 When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

15 personalities
n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击；人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 )
参考例句：
There seemed to be a degree of personalities in her remarks.她话里有些人身攻击的成分。 Personalities are not in good taste in general conversation.在一般的谈话中诽谤他人是不高尚的。

16 prudence
n.谨慎，精明，节俭
参考例句：
A lack of prudence may lead to financial problems.不够谨慎可能会导致财政上出现问题。 The happy impute all their success to prudence or merit.幸运者都把他们的成功归因于谨慎或功德。

17 maxim
n.格言，箴言
参考例句：
Please lay the maxim to your heart.请把此格言记在心里。 "Waste not,want not" is her favourite maxim.“不浪费则不匮乏”是她喜爱的格言。

18 sage
n.圣人，哲人；adj.贤明的，明智的
参考例句：
I was grateful for the old man's sage advice.我很感激那位老人贤明的忠告。 The sage is the instructor of a hundred ages.这位哲人是百代之师。

19 affronted
adj.被侮辱的，被冒犯的v.勇敢地面对( affront的过去式和过去分词 )；相遇
参考例句：
He hoped they would not feel affronted if they were not invited . 他希望如果他们没有获得邀请也不要感到受辱。 Affronted at his impertinence,she stared at him coldly and wordlessly. 被他的无礼而冒犯，她冷冷地、无言地盯着他。来自《简明英汉词典》

20 malice
n.恶意，怨恨，蓄意；[律]预谋
参考例句：
I detected a suggestion of malice in his remarks.我觉察出他说的话略带恶意。 There was a strong current of malice in many of his portraits.他的许多肖像画中都透着一股强烈的怨恨。

21 philosophical
adj.哲学家的，哲学上的，达观的
参考例句：
The teacher couldn't answer the philosophical problem.老师不能解答这个哲学问题。 She is very philosophical about her bad luck.她对自己的不幸看得很开。

22 inevitable
adj.不可避免的，必然发生的
参考例句：
Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。 The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。

23 bereavement
n.亲人丧亡，丧失亲人，丧亲之痛
参考例句：
the pain of an emotional crisis such as divorce or bereavement 诸如离婚或痛失亲人等情感危机的痛苦 I sympathize with you in your bereavement. 我对你痛失亲人表示同情。来自《简明英汉词典》

24 controversy
n.争论，辩论，争吵
参考例句：
That is a fact beyond controversy.那是一个无可争论的事实。 We ran the risk of becoming the butt of every controversy.我们要冒使自己在所有的纷争中都成为众矢之的的风险。

25 helping
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的
参考例句：
The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。 By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

26 alleviate
v.减轻，缓和，缓解(痛苦等)
参考例句：
The doctor gave her an injection to alleviate the pain.医生给她注射以减轻疼痛。 Nothing could alleviate his distress.什么都不能减轻他的痛苦。

27 hysterical
adj.情绪异常激动的，歇斯底里般的
参考例句：
He is hysterical at the sight of the photo.他一看到那张照片就异常激动。 His hysterical laughter made everybody stunned.他那歇斯底里的笑声使所有的人不知所措。

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