美国政治 2_专业四级

美国政治 2

文章来源：未知文章作者：enread 发布时间：2021-10-30 11:04 字体： [大中小]　进入论坛

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6)Powers of the Senate: the Senate has the power to ①introduced legislation on any subject except revenue bills (除了税收法案). It has the authority to ②confirm or reject predidential appointments(总统任命) of high officials as well as the U.S. foreign treaties. ③Its chairman is the Vice¹ President.

参议院权利：1立法除税收。还有一些特殊权利：2批准或否决总统任命的高级官员及外交条约；领导人是副总统。

7)The judicial² system has evolved into the present structure: According to the Constitution, the judicial power of the U.S shall be vested in one Supreme³ Court. The judicial system has evolved into the present structure: the Supreme Court, 11 court of appeals, 91 district courts, and 3 courts of special jurisdiction⁴. U.S.judges are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

根据宪法规定，美国的司法权属于最高法院，司法体系结构为：最高法院，11个上诉法院，91个地方法院，3个有特殊司法权的法院，美国的法官是由总统任命并由参议院批准的。

8)The two-party system and the characteristics of the two major parties

①the two-party system:the two party system means that the two major political parties — now the Democrats⁵ and the Republicans — compete with each other to dominate politics at the federal, state, and local levels.

两党制意味着两个主要的政党—目前为民主党和共和党—支配着联邦、州及地方的政治舞台。

②the characteristics of the two major parties:The two major parties are not very different today. They are two coalitions⁶ of interests and interest groups(利益集团的联合). There is no strict party discipline(党纪). One does not have to apply or go through necessary formalities to become a member of either party. But there are some differences between them. The Democrats traditionally favour government intervention⁷ (主张政府干涉经济)while the Republicans stress the role of the market (市场作用)more. On social issue the Democrats support a strong social security system (社会安全保障体制) while the Republicans oppose large governmental social security programs. In spite of these differenes, the two parties both believe in individualism, defend capitalism⁸ and uphold private ownership of means of production(坚持生产资料私有制) .

两个主要政党今天并没有实质区别。他们是利益集团的联合。没有严格的党纪。要想成为某党成员，不需要申请或办理必要的手续。但他们有所不同。民主党主张政府干涉，共和党则强调市场作用。在社会问题上，民主党支持建立强大的社会保障体系，而共和党反对大规模的政府社会保障计划。尽管存在这些区别，两党都信仰个人主义，保护资本主义制度，维护生产资料私有制。

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收听单词发音

1 vice
n.坏事；恶习；[pl.]台钳，老虎钳；adj.副的
参考例句：
He guarded himself against vice.他避免染上坏习惯。 They are sunk in the depth of vice.他们堕入了罪恶的深渊。

2 judicial
adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的
参考例句：
He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。 Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

3 supreme
adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的
参考例句：
It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。 He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

4 jurisdiction
n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权
参考例句：
It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。 Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。

5 democrats
n.民主主义者，民主人士( democrat的名词复数 )
参考例句：
The Democrats held a pep rally on Capitol Hill yesterday. 民主党昨天在国会山召开了竞选誓师大会。 The democrats organize a filibuster in the senate. 民主党党员组织了阻挠议事。来自《简明英汉词典》

6 coalitions
结合体，同盟( coalition的名词复数 )；（两党或多党）联合政府
参考例句：
History testifies to the ineptitude of coalitions in waging war. 历史昭示我们，多数国家联合作战，其进行甚为困难。 All the coalitions in history have disintegrated sooner or later. 历史上任何联盟迟早都垮台了。

7 intervention
n.介入，干涉，干预
参考例句：
The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。 Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

8 capitalism
n.资本主义
参考例句：
The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。 Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century.十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。

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