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Cloze Directions: Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Select the correct choice for each blank. Flight simulator (飞行模拟器) refers to any electronic or mechanical system for training airplane and spacecraft pilots and crew member by simulating flight conditions. The purpose of simulation is not to completely substitute (1)_____ actual flight training but to thoroughly1 familiarize students with the vehicle (2)_____ before they (3)_____ extensive and possibly dangerous actual flight training. Simulations also is useful for review and for familiarizing pilots with new (4)_____ to existing craft. Two early flight simulators appeared in England within a decade after the first flight of Orville and Wilbur Wright. They were designed to enable pilots to stimulate2 simple aircraft (5)_____ in three dimensions: nose up or down; left wing high and right low, or vice3 versa; and (6)_____ to left or right. It took until 1929, however, for a truly effective simulator, the Link Trainer, to appear, devised by Edwin A. Link, a self-educated aviator4 and inventor from Binghamton, New York. (7)_____, airplane instrumentation had been developed sufficiently5 to permit "blind" flying on instruments alone, but training pilots to do so involved (8)_____ risk. Link built a model of an airplane cockpit equipped (9)_____ instrument panel and controls that could realistically stimulate all the movements of an airplane. Pilots could use the device for instrument training, manipulating the controls (10)_____ instrument readings so as to maintain straight and level flight or (11)_____ climb or descent with no visual reference (12)_____ any horizon except for the artificial one on the instrument panel. The trainer was modified (13)_____ aircraft technology advanced. Commercial airlines began to use the Link Trainer for pilot training, and the US government began purchasing them in 1934, (14)_____ thousands more as World War II approached. Technological6 advances during the war, particularly in electronics, helped to make the flight simulator increasingly (15)_____. The use of efficient analog7 computers in the early 1950s led to further improvements. Airplane cockpits, controls, and instrument displays had by then become so individualized that it was no longer feasible to use a generalized trainer to prepare pilots to fly anything (16)_____ the simplest light planes. By the 1950s, the US Air Force was using simulators that precisely8 (17)_____ the cockpits of its planes. During the early 1960s (18)_____ digital and hybrid9 computers were adopted, and their speed and flexibility10 revolutionized simulation systems. Further advances in computer and (19)_____ technology, notably11 the development of virtual-reality simulation, have made it possible to (20)_____ highly complex real-life conditions. 1. A. for B. to C. with D. on 2. A. concerning B. concern C. being concerned D. concerned 3. A. undertake B. undergo C. underplay D. underuse 4. A. models B. modifications C. modifiers D. modica 5. A. manifestations B. manipulations C. manifestoes D. maneuvers 6. A. yawling B. yawning C. yawing D. yawping 7. A. From then on B. From now on C. By now D. By then 8. A. considerable B. considerate C. considering D. considered 9. A. for B. in C. with D. on 10. A. on the part of B. on the basis of C. on the track of D. on the verge12 of 11. A. control B. controllable C. controlled D. controller 12. A. to B. for C. on D. in 13. A. as for B. as to C. as D. for 14. A. acquiring B. requiring C. sustaining D. retaining 15. A. actual B. realistic C. realizing D. true 16. A. except B. except for C. apart from D. but 17. A. replenished B. replaced C. replicated13 D. reposed 18. A. electronic B. electric C. electricity D. electron 19. A. program B. programmable C. programmed D. programming 20. A. resurrect B. reproduce C. resuscitate D. resume 1.A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. A 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. B 点击  收听单词发音
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