The world has begun to recover from recession but the process will not be simple, the International Monetary¹ Fund (IMF) has warned.

国际货币基金组织组织警告道，世界经济开始复苏但过程不会太简单。

Serbia has been particularly hard hit by the global recession

The recession had "left deep scars, which will affect both supply and demand for many years to come" said IMF chief economist², Olivier Blanchard.

His comments came after Japan this week followed France and Germany in seeing their economies return to growth.

The IMF said in July the economy was "starting to pull out of recession".

'New shape'

In this latest report, Mr Blanchard predicted that global output may also remain lower than it had been before the crisis.

Countries must rebalance their economies to make it sustainable, Mr Blanchard said.

Economies dominated by consumption - such as the US - would have to focus more on exports, while Asia turned more to imports, he said.

He also said that dysfunctional（官能不良，官能障碍） financial systems in many advanced countries would need "a long time to find their new shape".

Meanwhile, emerging market nations may not see capital inflows（资本流入） return to pre-crisis levels for a some time.

Mr Blanchard also warns that unemployment will not peak until next year, and says that higher taxation³（课税，租税） is inevitable⁴ because of the costs of the crisis.

BBC chief economics correspondent, Hugh Pym, said that "the IMF remains⁵ cautious, but its view seems to be that the glass may now be half full rather than half empty".

Recession return risk

Professor David Blanchflower, a former member of the Bank of England's Monetary Policy Committee said that there were "some signs in some countries that the worst is over".

"But be mindful（留神的，留心的） that in the European Union, 20... countries are in recession," he told the BBC.

He added that the rebalancing which Mr Blanchard called for was not going to happen "automatically".

There was a risk that recoveries in individual nations were being fuelled by government stimulus⁶ packages, Professor Blanchflower said, and that "when these disperse⁷（分散，传播） we will see a return to recession".

Banks had to be in a position to lend money, while consumers needed confidence that things were going to improve, he added.

Slowdown easing

Japan's return to growth followed four consecutive⁸（连续的，连贯的） quarters of contraction⁹ - with correspondents saying the rise was due to a huge government stimulus package.

Recent figures show other economies coming out of recession, including Germany, France and Hong Kong, a sign the global slowdown is easing.

The French and German economies both grew by 0.3% between April and June, bringing to an end recessions in Europe's largest economies that have lasted a year.

Analysts¹⁰ had not expected the data, suggesting recovery could be faster than previously¹¹ expected.

And Hong Kong recorded growth of 3.3% in the three months from April to June.

That data was also better than had been expected, with the government subsequently（后来，随后） increasing its forecast for growth in the whole year.