Les Paul, whose pioneering electric guitars were used by a legion of rock stars, has died at the age of 94.

Les Paul，电吉他演奏的先锋、摇滚歌星的御用吉他手逝世，享年94岁。

Les Paul's guitars were played by stars like Sir Paul McCartney

Mr Paul died from complications（并发症） of pneumonia¹（肺炎） in New York, according to Gibson, the firm that sold his guitars.

He is credited with developing one of the first solid-body electric guitars, which went on sale in 1952 and contributed to the birth of rock.

He also developed other influential² recording³ innovations such as multi-track recording and overdubbing（原带配音）.

And he was credited with inventing the eight-track tape recorder.

U2 guitarist The Edge, Led Zeppelin's Jimmy Page, Guns N' Roses star Slash⁴ and The Who's Pete Townshend are among those closely associated with the Les Paul sound.

Slash described him as "an exceptionally brilliant man".

He said: "Les Paul was a shining example of how full one's life can be. He was so vibrant⁵ and full of positive energy. I'm honoured and humbled⁶ to have known and played with him over the years."

Fellow guitarist Joe Satriani called Paul "the original guitar hero," saying: "Les Paul set a standard for musicianship and innovation that remains⁷ unsurpassed."

Henry Juszkiewicz, chairman of Gibson Guitar, said: "His influence extends around the globe and across every boundary."

Gibson president Dave Berryman said: "As the 'father of the electric guitar', he was not only one of the world's greatest innovators but a legend who created, inspired and contributed to the success of musicians around the world."

Hall of Fame

Mr Paul was also a successful performer in his own right, notching⁸ up 11 number one singles and 36 gold discs with his wife Mary Ford⁹.

He was inducted（使就职，使入伍） into the Grammy Hall of Fame in 1978 and the Rock 'n' Roll Hall of Fame in 1988.

Les Paul began as a country and jazz musician, playing with such acts as Bing Crosby and Nat King Cole.

Unhappy with acoustic¹⁰ guitars, he had begun experimenting with guitar amplification¹¹（扩大，详述） at the age of 13 by placing a telephone receiver under the strings¹².

He created his first solid-body electric guitar, dubbed¹³ "the log", in 1941. "I went into a nightclub and played it. Of course, everybody had me labelled as a nut," he later said.

It did not go on sale for another 11 years, by which time Leo Fender's rival Telecaster model was already on the market.

In 1948, Mr Paul almost died in a car crash that shattered his right arm and elbow. Afterwards, he convinced doctors to set his broken arm at a right angle in the guitar-picking and cradling（弧顶架） position.

'Beautiful guitar'

He continued to refine his guitar design throughout the 1950s. Its basic structure has barely changed over the decades and continues to be popular among stars and amateurs alike.

Stephen Lawson, editor of Total Guitar magazine, said: "It was a beautiful guitar… it was hand crafted, it was carved, it was a really beautiful looking instrument.

His work on taping techniques began after World War II, when Bing Crosby gave him a tape recorder.

Multi-tracking - where separate recordings¹⁴ are combined - was first heard in the 1950 number one hit How High the Moon, a duet（二重奏） with Ford.

"I've been trying to imagine a world without Les Paul - it would be so different. Until he invented multi-track recording, you had to make a record gathered round a microphone in the middle of room," said Stephen Lawson.

"One of the most obvious classic Les Paul Guitar solos is Sweet Child of Mine by Guns N' Roses - that intro has such a distinctive¹⁵ Les Paul sound to it.

"It can go from a mellow¹⁶（成熟的） beautiful sound that really hits you in your soul, all the way to a shredding¹⁷ searing（灼热的） lead guitar tone."