President Barack Obama has said the biggest threat to US security is the possibility of a terrorist organisation¹ obtaining a nuclear weapon.

奥巴马总统称，如果恐怖组织得到核武器，这将是对美国安全的最大威胁。

Speaking on the eve of a nuclear security summit in Washington, he said leaders from 40 states should focus on how to secure nuclear material.

He warned groups like al-Qaeda would not hesitate（踌躇，犹豫） to use nuclear devices.

Neither North Korea and Iran, two states with disputed（有争议的） nuclear ambitions, have been invited to the summit.

The two countries are viewed by the US as violators（违反者，妨碍者） of the non-proliferation（增殖，扩散） agreement.

Syria was also left off the invitation list because the US believes Damascus（大马士革） also has nuclear ambitions, the Associated Press news agency notes.

But the leaders of nuclear states like India, China and Pakistan are among those coming to Washington for the biggest gathering² of world leaders in the US capital in decades, says the BBC's Mark Mardell.

While the issue of what to do about Iran's nuclear ambitions is not on the agenda, it will will be at the centre of many discussions, our North America editor adds.

'South African example'

Leaders or other representatives of 47 states are attending the summit.

"The single biggest threat to US security, both short-term, medium-term and long-term, would be the possibility of a terrorist organisation obtaining a nuclear weapon," Mr Obama said.

"This is something that could change the security landscape in this country and around the world for years to come.

"If there was ever a detonation³（爆炸，爆发） in New York City, or London, or Johannesburg, the ramifications⁴（分枝，分叉） economically, politically and from a security perspective would be devastating⁵（毁灭的，全然的） ."

Mr Obama praised South Africa for being the first country to abandon a nuclear weapons programme.

South Africa had, he said, acquired special standing⁶ as a "moral leader" for voluntarily dismantling⁷（解散，分解） its nuclear programme in the 1990s,

He thanked its President, Jacob Zuma, for the leadership his government had shown on non-proliferation.

Israel is being represented at the summit only by a deputy prime minister amid reports that its government is worried that Turkey and Egypt might use the occasion to raise the issue of its nuclear arsenal⁸（核军火库） .

Last Thursday, President Obama and Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a new Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty reducing each country's deployed⁹ nuclear arsenal to 1,550 weapons.

Earlier in the week, Mr Obama approved a new nuclear policy for the United States, saying he planned to cut the nuclear arsenal, refrain from nuclear tests and not use nuclear weapons against countries that did not have them.